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Duthie, Bruce; Gries, Gerhard; Gries, Regine; Krupke, Christian H.; Derksen, Shannon

doi:10.1023/a:1022690129959

Cited by 35 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Many studies reveal that insect larvae can communicate with each other using nonsex-specific cues [34,35,[74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81] and male larvae can adjust their testicular investment in response to these cues [17,19,39,40]. Although female pupae can produce sex pheromones in insects including our study species E. kuehniella [35][36][37][38], we have not found any indication that male pupae could respond to this sex specific cue and adjust sperm production accordingly (Figures 2 and 3). Because pupae were in close contact with each other in treatments ( 2) and (3), physical contact cues could also play a role in pupal response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Although insect pupae do not feed and crawl, they can communicate with each other using species-specific acoustic [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] or chemical cues [30][31][32][33][34]. Furthermore, female pupae can release sex pheromones [35][36][37][38]. These findings suggest that male pupae should be able to detect conspecific pupal cues representing the density and sex ratio of the local population, and thus future sperm competition risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pupal Cues Increase Sperm Production but Not Testis Size in an Insect

Liu

Zheng

et al. 2021

Insects

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Theoretic and empirical studies show that social surroundings experienced by male insects during their larval or adult stage can influence their testicular investment in diverse ways. Although insect pupae do not feed and crawl, they can communicate using sex-specific and/or non-sex specific cues. Yet, it is unknown, in any insect, whether and how male pupae can fine-tune their resource allocation to sperm production and testis size in response to socio-sexual environments. We investigated this question using a moth, Ephestia kuehniella, which produces fertile eupyrene sperm and unfertile apyrene sperm. We held male pupae individually or in groups with different sex ratios, and dissected adults upon eclosion, measured their testis size, and counted both types of sperm. We demonstrated that after exposure to conspecific pupal cues regardless of sex, male pupae increased production of eupyrenes and apyrenes at the same rate but kept testis size unchanged. We suggest that testis size is fixed after pupation because most morphological traits are formed during the larval stage, allowing little room for pupae to adjust testis size. Like adults, male pupae with fully grown testes have sufficient resources to produce more sperm of both types according to the perceived increase in sperm competition risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pupal Cues Increase Sperm Production but Not Testis Size in an Insect

Liu

Zheng

et al. 2021

Insects

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“…Problems in estimating S:W ratios have probably arisen in part because wild codling moth populations are generally aggregated with respect to their overwintering and subsequent spring emergence sites [26], whereas sterile moths are uniformly distributed everywhere. The theory behind the original SIR Program protocols and effectiveness assumed that spatial structure of the moth population could be ignored [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential for Using Acetic Acid Plus Pear Ester Combination Lures to Monitor Codling Moth in an SIT Program

Judd

2016

Insects

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Studies were conducted in commercial apple orchards in British Columbia, Canada, to determine whether lures combining ethyl-(E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate, pear ester (PE), with either acetic acid (AA) or sex pheromone, (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol (codlemone), might improve monitoring of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), in an area-wide programme integrating sterile insect technology (SIT) and mating disruption (MD). Catches of sterile and wild codling moths were compared in apple orchards receiving weekly delivery of sterile moths (1:1 sex ratio) using white delta traps baited with either AA or PE alone, and in combination. Sterile and wild codling moths responded similarly to these kairomone lures. For each moth sex and type (sterile and wild), AA-PE lures were significantly more attractive than AA or PE alone. Bisexual catches with AA-PE lures were compared with those of commercial bisexual lures containing 3 mg of codlemone plus 3 mg of PE (Pherocon CM-DA Combo lure, Trécé Inc., Adair, OK, USA), and to catches of males with standard codlemone-loaded septa used in SIT (1 mg) and MD (10 mg) programmes, respectively. CM-DA lures caught the greatest number of sterile and wild male moths in orchards managed with SIT alone, or combined with MD, whereas AA-PE lures caught 2–3× more females than CM-DA lures under both management systems. Sterile to wild (S:W) ratios for male versus female moths in catches with AA-PE lures were equivalent, whereas in the same orchards, male S:W ratios were significantly greater than female S:W ratios when measured with CM-DA lures. Male S:W ratios measured with CM-DA lures were similar to those with codlemone lures. CM-DA and codlemone lures appear to overestimate S:W ratios as measured by AA-PE lures, probably by attracting relatively more sterile males from long range. Using AA-PE lures to monitor codling moths in an SIT programme removes fewer functional sterile males and reduces the need for trap maintenance compared with using codlemone lures. AA-PE lures allow detection of wild female moths that may measure damage potential more accurately than detection of wild males. The short-range activity of AA-PE lures compared with that of codlemone-based lures appears to improve the ability to measure S:W ratios and the impact of SIT on population control near the site where wild moths are trapped.

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“…Our results indicate that woodpeckers can also rely on chemical cues emitted by the larvae to detect them. The use of larval aggregation pheromones would reduce woodpeckers' energy expenditure in pecking trees and increase their chances of detecting more prey owing to the increase in the concentration of pheromones in the local environment [29,53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The larvae of some lepidopteran species use pheromones to form aggregations [29]. For instance, trail pheromones mediate group foraging in Malacosoma americanum and Thaumetopoea pityocampa [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A larval aggregation pheromone as foraging cue for insectivorous birds

et al. 2021

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Although birds have traditionally been considered anosmic, increasing evidence indicates that olfaction plays an important role in the foraging behaviours of insectivorous birds. Recent studies have shown that birds can exploit herbivore-induced plant volatiles and sexual pheromones of adult insects to locate their prey. Many insectivorous birds prey on immature insects, providing relevant ecosystem services as pest regulators in natural and agricultural ecosystems. We asked whether birds could rely on chemical cues emitted by the immature stages of insects to prey on them. To address this question, we performed field experiments to evaluate if insectivorous birds can detect the aggregation pheromone produced by the larvae of the carpenter worm, Chilecomadia valdiviana . Groups of five artificial larvae were placed in branches of 72 adult trees in a remnant fragment of a sclerophyllous forest in central Chile. Each grouping of larvae contained a rubber septum loaded with either larval pheromone as treatment or solvent alone as control. We found that the number of larvae damaged by bird pecks was significantly higher in groups with dispensers containing the larval extract than in control groups. Our results show that birds can rely on immature insect-derived chemical cues used for larvae aggregation to prey on them.

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Cited by 35 publications

References 3 publications

Pupal Cues Increase Sperm Production but Not Testis Size in an Insect

Pupal Cues Increase Sperm Production but Not Testis Size in an Insect

Potential for Using Acetic Acid Plus Pear Ester Combination Lures to Monitor Codling Moth in an SIT Program

A larval aggregation pheromone as foraging cue for insectivorous birds

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