Divisional and hierarchical innervations of G. gecko’s toes to motion and reception

Guo, Chunhuan; Cai, Lei; Xie, HeRui; Wang, Zhouyi; Zhang, Dai; Sun, Junjie

doi:10.1007/s11434-009-0188-1

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Previous work shows that the IP is the most usual in G. gecko's climbing, whereas the EP is found when the gecko loses balance on ceilings or inverted surfaces [12]. It can be concluded from the results by both methods that, when external loading acts on the G. gecko's single digit as well as the manus is not so large, the digit hyperextends actively.…”

Section: A Comparison Of the Two Motion Patternsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…The IP occurs when geckos climb on level surfaces or inclines that are not too steep, whereas the EP occurs on inverted surfaces and ceilings [12].To study the EP, we take it as another form of peeling by hyperextension. What's different is that, in the IP, the digit peels from distalmost end to the proximal end of the adhesive pad, whereas in the EP the digit peels from the proximal and in the opposite direction.…”

Section: Viscoelastic Analysis Of the Emergency Motion Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dai et al observed the angular motion of joints of G. gecko climbing on level and vertical surfaces [9], and measured the fore-aft, lateral and normal force of single manus (pes) and digit [10], [11]. A strategy of hierarchical controlling in gecko's toes was proposed and a new pattern of peeling motion was named "the Emergency Motion Pattern" (EP) [12]. Previous work also concerned on the force along the toe axis of a single toe, which was first hypothesized to be critical for gecko's adhering to invert surfaces by Hora [13] in the 1900s.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viscoelastic analysis of gecko digital peeling by hyperextension

Yongjie

Liu

et al. 2012

2012 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation

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This passage presents the mechanical analysis of the gecko's digital peeling by hyperextension. The structure of Gekko Gecko's digit was studied, and a model of digit II, manus was established. Based on Kendall strip tape theory, we analyzed the peeling process with the Inherent Motion Pattern and the Emergency Motion Pattern. Extracting the biological features of the digit, we then established a Finite Element model for more accurate results. Analysis based on friction adhesion theory of gecko's setal array was done in the Finite Element model. The results suggest that the selection of the two motion patterns of the gecko is dependent of the external normal loading to keep steady adhesion on different inclines, and local tension at the peeling point in the tissue is important for the patterns to work efficiently.

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Section: A Comparison Of the Two Motion Patternsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Viscoelastic Analysis Of the Emergency Motion Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viscoelastic analysis of gecko digital peeling by hyperextension

Yongjie

Liu

et al. 2012

2012 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation

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“…On the other hand, structure and function of reptile cutaneous mechanoreceptors were deeply investigated using electrophysiological, morphological, histological, and electron-microscopical methods in the years 1960-1970 and beyond [59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66]. At the same time, relatively few works have been written on the innervation and mechanoreceptors of the gecko's toes, and they are mainly devoted to cutaneous sensilla (skin sensory organs) [67][68][69][70][71]. Thus, the role of the nervous system in geckos' adhesion remains deficiently investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytoskeleton Markers in the Spinal Cord and Mechanoreceptors of Thick-Toed Geckos after Prolonged Space Flights

Proshchina

Gulimova

Kharlamova

et al. 2022

Life

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Spaceflight may cause hypogravitational motor syndrome (HMS). However, the role of the nervous system in the formation of HMS remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to estimate the effects of space flights on the cytoskeleton of the neuronal and glial cells in the spinal cord and mechanoreceptors in the toes of thick-toed geckos (Chondrodactylus turneri GRAY, 1864). Thick-toed geckos are able to maintain attachment and natural locomotion in weightlessness. Different types of mechanoreceptors have been described in the toes of geckos. After flight, neurofilament 200 immunoreactivity in mechanoreceptors was lower than in control. In some motor neurons of flight geckos, nonspecific pathomorphological changes were observed, but they were also detected in the control. No signs of gliosis were detected after spaceflight. Cytoskeleton markers adequately reflect changes in the cells of the nervous system. We suggest that geckos’ adhesion is controlled by the nervous system. Our study revealed no significant disturbances in the morphology of the spinal cord after the prolonged space flight, supporting the hypothesis that geckos compensate the alterations, characteristic for other mammals in weightlessness, by tactile stimulation.

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“…Consequently, bio-robots are not limited by energy shortage capabilities when traveling over long distances and are more skilled than electromechanical robots when conducting complex missions. As bio-robots are superior to electromechanical robots in many potential applications, researchers have been investigating different types of bio-robots, such as rats (Feng et al, 2007 ; Huai et al, 2009 ; Pi et al, 2010 ; Zhang et al, 2012 ; Su et al, 2014 ; Zheng et al, 2015 ; Yu et al, 2016 ), geckos (Guo et al, 2009 ), sharks (Gomes et al, 2006 ), goldfishes (Kobayashi et al, 2009 ), carps (Peng et al, 2011 ), cockroaches (Holzer and Shimoyama, 1997 ), pigeons (Su et al, 2012 ), beetles (Hirotaka et al, 2008 ), and honeybees (Bao et al, 2011 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Positioning System-Based Stimulation for Robo-Pigeons in Open Space

Yang¹,

Huai²,

Wang³

et al. 2017

Front. Neurorobot.

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An evaluation method is described that will enable researchers to study fight control characteristics of robo-pigeons in fully open space. It is not limited by the experimental environment and overcomes environmental interference with flight control in small experimental spaces using a compact system. The system consists of two components: a global positioning system (GPS)-based stimulator with dimensions of 38 mm × 26 mm × 8 mm and a weight of 18 g that can easily be carried by a pigeon as a backpack and a PC-based program developed in Virtual C++. The GPS-based stimulator generates variable stimulation and automatically records the GPS data and stimulus parameters. The PC-based program analyzes the recorded data and displays the flight trajectory of the tested robo-pigeon on a digital map. This method enables quick and clear evaluation of the flight control characteristics of a robo-pigeon in open space based on its visual trajectory, as well as further optimization of the microelectric stimulation parameters to improve the design of robo-pigeons. The functional effectiveness of the method was investigated and verified by performing flight control experiments using a robo-pigeon in open space.

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Divisional and hierarchical innervations of G. gecko’s toes to motion and reception

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Viscoelastic analysis of gecko digital peeling by hyperextension

Viscoelastic analysis of gecko digital peeling by hyperextension

Cytoskeleton Markers in the Spinal Cord and Mechanoreceptors of Thick-Toed Geckos after Prolonged Space Flights

Global Positioning System-Based Stimulation for Robo-Pigeons in Open Space

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