Division of the genus Borrelia into two genera (corresponding to Lyme disease and relapsing fever groups) reflects their genetic and phenotypic distinctiveness and will lead to a better understanding of these two groups of microbes (Margos et al. (2016) There is inadequate evidence to support the division of the genus Borrelia. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. doi: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001717)

Barbour, Alan G.; Adeolu, Mobolaji; Gupta, Radhey S.

doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.001815

Cited by 65 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Second, every type of evaluation, including multivariate statistics, dendrograms, and networks, has demonstrated that there is no reliable method for separating the species in Rf and Lb into two coherent genera. We propose that the differences found in previous reports [1,24] reflected the different evolutionary pressures from different groups of ticks and reservoirs that have acted on both groups of species [15]. In the present comparative metaproteomics study, we did not find any reliable argument that could support the separation of these species into two genera.…”

Section: Phyloproteomic Network Reveal Proteome Reduction and Low Mocontrasting

confidence: 95%

Phyloproteomic and functional analyses do not support the split of the genus Borrelia(phylum Spirochaetes).

Peña¹,

Cabezas‐Cruz

2018

Preprint

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Background: The evolutionary history of a species is frequently derived from molecular sequences, and the resulting phylogenetic trees do not include explicit functional information. Here, we aimed to assess the functional relationships among bacteria in the Spirochaetes phylum, based on the biological processes of 42,489 proteins in reference proteomes of 34 Spirochaetes species. We tested the hypothesis that the species in the genus Borrelia might be sufficiently different to warrant splitting them into two separate genera. Results: A detrended canonical analysis demonstrated that the presence/absence of biological processesamong selected bacteria contained a strong phylogenetic signal, which did not separate species of Borrelia . We examined the ten biological processes in which most proteins were involved consistently. This analysis demonstrated that species in Borrelia were more similar to each other than to free-life species ( Sediminispirochaeta , Spirochaeta , Sphaerochaeta ) or to pathogenic species without vectors ( Leptospira , Treponema, Brachyspira ), which are highly divergent. A dendrogram based on the presence/absence of proteins in the reference proteomes demonstrated that distances between species of the same genus among free-life or pathogenic non-vector species were higher than the distances between the 19 species (27 strains) of Borrelia . A phyloproteomic network supported the close functional association between species of Borrelia . In the proteome of 27 strains of Borrelia ,only a few proteins had evolved separately, in the relapsing fever and Lyme borreliosis groups. The most prominent Borrelia proteins and processes were a subset of those also found in free-living and non-vectored pathogenic species. In addition, the functional innovation (i.e., unique biological processes or proteins) of Borrelia was very low, compared to other genera of Spirochaetes. Conclusions: We found only marginal functional differences among Borrelia species. Phyloproteomic networks that included all pairwise combinations between species, proteins, and processes were more effective than other methods for evaluating the evolutionary relationships among taxa. With the limitations of data availability, our results did not support a split of the arthropod-transmitted spirochaetes into the proposed genera, Borrelia and Borreliella .

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Section: Phyloproteomic Network Reveal Proteome Reduction and Low Mocontrasting

confidence: 95%

Phyloproteomic and functional analyses do not support the split of the genus Borrelia(phylum Spirochaetes).

Peña¹,

Cabezas‐Cruz

2018

Preprint

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“…Borrelia burgdorferi (also named Borreliella burgdorferi ) ( Barbour et al, 2017 ), the etiologic agent of Lyme disease, is transmitted to mammalian hosts through the bite of a hard Ixodes tick ( Burgdorfer et al, 1982 ; Steere et al, 1983 ). Spirochetes are acquired by larval ticks during feeding on an infected vertebrate host.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Profiling of Lysine Acetylation in Borrelia burgdorferi B31 Reveals Its Role in Central Metabolism

et al. 2018

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The post-translational modification of proteins has been shown to be extremely important in prokaryotes. Using a highly sensitive mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach, we have characterized the acetylome of B. burgdorferi. As previously reported for other bacteria, a relatively low number (5%) of the potential genome-encoded proteins of B. burgdorferi were acetylated. Of these, the vast majority were involved in central metabolism and cellular information processing (transcription, translation, etc.). Interestingly, these critical cell functions were targeted during both ML (mid-log) and S (stationary) phases of growth. However, acetylation of target proteins in ML phase was limited to single lysine residues while these same proteins were acetylated at multiple sites during S phase. To determine the acetyl donor in B. burgdorferi, we used mutants that targeted the sole acetate metabolic/anabolic pathway in B. burgdorferi (lipid I synthesis). B. burgdorferi strains B31-A3, B31-A3 ΔackA (acetyl-P- and acetyl-CoA-) and B31-A3 Δpta (acetyl-P+ and acetyl-CoA-) were grown to S phase and the acetylation profiles were analyzed. While only two proteins were acetylated in the ΔackA mutant, 140 proteins were acetylated in the Δpta mutant suggesting that acetyl-P was the primary acetyl donor in B. burgdorferi. Using specific enzymatic assays, we were able to demonstrate that hyperacetylation of proteins in S phase appeared to play a role in decreasing the enzymatic activity of at least two glycolytic proteins. Currently, we hypothesize that acetylation is used to modulate enzyme activities during different stages of growth. This strategy would allow the bacteria to post-translationally stimulate the activity of key glycolytic enzymes by deacetylation rather than expending excessive energy synthesizing new proteins. This would be an appealing, low-energy strategy for a bacterium with limited metabolic capabilities. Future work focuses on identifying potential protein deacetylase(s) to complete our understanding of this important biological process.

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“…Borreliella (Borrelia) burgdorferi (Adeolu and Gupta, 2014;Barbour et al, 2017), the cause of Lyme disease, has a small but complex genome consisting of one large linear chromosome and multiple linear and circular plasmids, together comprising approximately 1520 kbp with a G 1 C content of 28.6% (Fraser et al, 1997;Casjens et al, 2000). This spirochete has two two-component regulatory systems (TCS), three sigma factors, is totally dependent on anaerobic glycolysis to generate ATP (i.e., it has no enzymes of the tricarboxylic cycle), and as such, is unable to synthesize de novo amino acids, nucleotides and fatty acids (Fraser et al, 1997;Radolf et al, 2012;Corona and Schwartz, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleeper cells: the stringent response and persistence in the Borreliella (Borrelia) burgdorferi enzootic cycle

Cabello

Godfrey

Bugrysheva

et al. 2017

Environmental Microbiology

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Summary Infections with tick-transmitted Borreliella (Borrelia) burgdorferi, the cause of Lyme disease, represent an increasingly large public health problem in North America and Europe. The ability of these spirochetes to maintain themselves for extended periods of time in their tick vectors and vertebrate reservoirs is crucial for continuance of the enzootic cycle as well as for the increasing exposure of humans to them. The stringent response mediated by the alarmone (p)ppGpp has been determined to be a master regulator in B. burgdorferi. It modulates the expression of identified and unidentified open reading frames needed to deal with and overcome the many nutritional stresses and other challenges faced by the spirochete in ticks and animal reservoirs. The metabolic and morphologic changes resulting from activation of the stringent response in B. burgdorferi may also be involved in the recently described non-genetic phenotypic phenomenon of tolerance to otherwise lethal doses of antimicrobials and to other antimicrobial activities. It may thus constitute a linchpin in multiple aspects of infections with Lyme disease borrelia, providing a link between the micro-ecological challenges of its enzootic life-cycle and long-term residence in the tissues of its animal reservoirs, with the evolutionary side-effect of potential persistence in incidental human hosts.

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Cited by 65 publications

References 67 publications

Phyloproteomic and functional analyses do not support the split of the genus Borrelia(phylum Spirochaetes).

Phyloproteomic and functional analyses do not support the split of the genus Borrelia(phylum Spirochaetes).

Global Profiling of Lysine Acetylation in Borrelia burgdorferi B31 Reveals Its Role in Central Metabolism

Sleeper cells: the stringent response and persistence in the Borreliella (Borrelia) burgdorferi enzootic cycle

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