‘Division of labour’ in response to host oxidative burst drives a fatal Cryptococcus gattii outbreak

Voelz, Kerstin; Johnston, Simon A.; Smith, Laurence; Hall, Rebecca; Idnurm, Alexander; May, Robin C.

doi:10.1038/ncomms6194

Cited by 87 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Recently, pathogen to pathogen communication was identified as a key component in the virulence of a Cryptococcus gattii strain that was responsible for an outbreak of disease in immunocompetent individuals in western Canada in the late 1990s . In this “division of labor” virulence mechanism, a subpopulation of fungal cells adopt a tubular mitochondrial morphology in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced as part of the host immune response . This increases their survival within macrophages, whereupon they signal, via the release of EVs, to neighboring fungal cells to rapidly proliferate within macrophages .…”

Section: Cryptococcusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Extracellular Vesicles with a Focus on Proteomic Analysis

2019

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) perform crucial functions in cell–cell communication. The packaging of biomolecules into membrane‐enveloped vesicles prior to release into the extracellular environment provides a mechanism for coordinated delivery of multiple signals at high concentrations that is not achievable by classical secretion alone. Most of the understanding of the biosynthesis, composition, and function of EVs comes from mammalian systems. Investigation of fungal EVs, particularly those released by pathogenic yeast species, has revealed diverse cargo including proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and small molecules. Fungal EVs are proposed to function in a variety of biological processes including virulence and cell wall homeostasis with a focus on host–pathogen interactions. EVs also carry signals between fungal cells allowing for a coordinated attack on a host during infection. Research on fungal EVs in still in its infancy. Here a review of the literature thus far with a focus on proteomic analysis is provided with respect to techniques, results, and prospects.

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Section: Cryptococcusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Extracellular Vesicles with a Focus on Proteomic Analysis

2019

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“…The importance of mitochondrial dynamics in disease extends beyond the host cell to include human pathogens, as tubulation of mitochondria in the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus gattii has gained attention as a marker of virulence (Engelthaler et al, 2014; Voelz et al, 2014). …”

Section: Many Events and Conditions Influence Mitochondrial Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Connecting mitochondrial dynamics and life-or-death events via Bcl-2 family proteins

Aouacheria

Baghdiguian

Lamb

et al. 2017

Neurochemistry International

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The morphology of a population of mitochondria is the result of several interacting dynamical phenomena, including fission, fusion, movement, elimination and biogenesis. Each of these phenomena is controlled by underlying molecular machinery, and when defective can cause disease. New understanding of the relationships between form and function of mitochondria in health and disease is beginning to be unraveled on several fronts. Studies in mammals and model organisms have revealed that mitochondrial morphology, dynamics and function appear to be subject to regulation by the same proteins that regulate apoptotic cell death. One protein family that influences mitochondrial dynamics in both healthy and dying cells is the Bcl-2 protein family. Connecting mitochondrial dynamics with life-death pathway forks may arise from the intersection of Bcl-2 family proteins with the proteins and lipids that determine mitochondrial shape and function. Bcl-2 family proteins also have multifaceted influences on cells and mitochondria, including calcium handling, autophagy and energetics, as well as the subcellular localization of mitochondrial organelles to neuronal synapses. The remarkable range of physical or functional interactions by Bcl-2 family proteins is challenging to assimilate into a cohesive understanding. Most of their effects may be distinct from their direct roles in apoptotic cell death and are particularly apparent in the nervous system. Dual roles in mitochondrial dynamics and cell death extend beyond BCL-2 family proteins. In this review, we discuss many processes that govern mitochondrial structure and function in health and disease, and how Bcl-2 family proteins integrate into some of these processes.

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“…These cells do not divide very frequently 846 but are resistant to killing and appear to allow co-infecting cells that 847 do not tubularize their mitochondria to divide rapidly [160]. potential.…”

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confidence: 99%

The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in age-related diseases

Lane¹,

Hilsabeck²,

Rea

2015

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics

179

142

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The aging process is accompanied by the onset of disease and a general decline in wellness. Insights into the aging process have revealed a number of cellular hallmarks of aging, among these epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, and stem cell exhaustion. Mitochondrial dysfunction increasingly appears to be a common factor connecting several of these hallmarks, driving the aging process and afflicting tissues throughout the body. Recent research has uncovered a much more complex involvement of mitochondria in the cell than has previously been appreciated and revealed novel ways in which mitochondrial defects feed into disease pathology. In this review we evaluate ways in which problems in mitochondria contribute to disease beyond the well-known mechanisms of oxidative stress and bioenergetic deficits, and we predict the direction that mitochondrial disease research will take in years to come.

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‘Division of labour’ in response to host oxidative burst drives a fatal Cryptococcus gattii outbreak

Cited by 87 publications

References 55 publications

Fungal Extracellular Vesicles with a Focus on Proteomic Analysis

Fungal Extracellular Vesicles with a Focus on Proteomic Analysis

Connecting mitochondrial dynamics and life-or-death events via Bcl-2 family proteins

The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in age-related diseases

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