Division and Regrowth of Phase‐Separated Giant Unilamellar Vesicles**

Dreher, Yannik; Jahnke, Kevin; Bobkova, Elizaveta; Spatz, Joachim P.; Göpfrich, Kerstin

doi:10.1002/anie.202014174

Cited by 74 publications

(87 citation statements)

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“…[ 34,35 ] The budding process is facilitated by these domain boundaries as shown in Figure 4 , where different membrane dyes have been used to distinguish the two types of domains via fluorescence microscopy. [ 32,36,37 ]…”

Section: Remodeling Of Membrane Shapementioning

confidence: 99%

Remodeling of Membrane Shape and Topology by Curvature Elasticity and Membrane Tension

Lipowsky

2021

Advanced Biology

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Cellular membranes exhibit a fascinating variety of different morphologies, which are continuously remodeled by transformations of membrane shape and topology. This remodeling is essential for important biological processes (cell division, intracellular vesicle trafficking, endocytosis) and can be elucidated in a systematic and quantitative manner using synthetic membrane systems. Here, recent insights obtained from such synthetic systems are reviewed, integrating experimental observations and molecular dynamics simulations with the theory of membrane elasticity. The study starts from the polymorphism of biomembranes as observed for giant vesicles by optical microscopy and small nanovesicles in simulations. This polymorphism reflects the unusual elasticity of fluid membranes and includes the formation of membrane necks or fluid ‘worm holes'. The proliferation of membrane necks generates stable multi‐spherical shapes, which can form tubules and tubular junctions. Membrane necks are also essential for the remodeling of membrane topology via membrane fission and fusion. Neck fission can be induced by fine‐tuning of membrane curvature, which leads to the controlled division of giant vesicles, and by adhesion‐induced membrane tension as observed for small nanovesicles. Challenges for future research include the interplay of curvature elasticity and membrane tension during membrane fusion and the localization of fission and fusion processes within intramembrane domains.

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Section: Remodeling Of Membrane Shapementioning

confidence: 99%

Remodeling of Membrane Shape and Topology by Curvature Elasticity and Membrane Tension

Lipowsky

2021

Advanced Biology

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“…The first steps towards the synthetic construction of such systems were presented at the conference. DNA-encoded genetic systems represent just one implementation of self-reproduction, leaving ample room for designing alternatives to fulfil the basic conditions for a 'living', synthetic cell ( Dreher et al, 2021 ; Otrin et al, 2021 ). In addition, synthetic cells will also require control programs to orchestrate the interconnected processes of sensing, response and metabolism necessary for replication and other processes relevant for life-like behavior ( Lakin and Stefanovic, 2016 ; Li et al, 2021 ; Steinkühler et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Recent Research Directions and Bottlenecksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building a community to engineer synthetic cells and organelles from the bottom-up

Staufer

Lora

Bailoni

et al. 2021

eLife

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Employing concepts from physics, chemistry and bioengineering, 'learning-by-building' approaches are becoming increasingly popular in the life sciences, especially with researchers who are attempting to engineer cellular life from scratch. The SynCell2020/21 conference brought together researchers from different disciplines to highlight progress in this field, including areas where synthetic cells are having socioeconomic and technological impact. Conference participants also identified the challenges involved in designing, manipulating and creating synthetic cells with hierarchical organization and function. A key conclusion is the need to build an international and interdisciplinary research community through enhanced communication, resource-sharing, and educational initiatives.

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“…Recently, the spatiotemporal control of division was realized through the suitable osmolarity change based on the phase-separated GUVs. In this case, only the target GUVs would divide, while the others were not affected ( Dreher et al, 2021 ). Based on these current works, one typical issue is that the allocation of the volume and components seems pretty random during the membrane fission.…”

Section: Modularizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modularize and Unite: Toward Creating a Functional Artificial Cell

Wang

Yang

2021

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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An artificial cell is a simplified model of a living system, bringing breakthroughs into both basic life science and applied research. The bottom-up strategy instructs the construction of an artificial cell from nonliving materials, which could be complicated and interdisciplinary considering the inherent complexity of living cells. Although significant progress has been achieved in the past 2 decades, the area is still facing some problems, such as poor compatibility with complex bio-systems, instability, and low standardization of the construction method. In this review, we propose creating artificial cells through the integration of different functional modules. Furthermore, we divide the function requirements of an artificial cell into four essential parts (metabolism, energy supplement, proliferation, and communication) and discuss the present researches. Then we propose that the compartment and the reestablishment of the communication system would be essential for the reasonable integration of functional modules. Although enormous challenges remain, the modular construction would facilitate the simplification and standardization of an artificial cell toward a natural living system. This function-based strategy would also broaden the application of artificial cells and represent the steps of imitating and surpassing nature.

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Division and Regrowth of Phase‐Separated Giant Unilamellar Vesicles**

Cited by 74 publications

References 50 publications

Remodeling of Membrane Shape and Topology by Curvature Elasticity and Membrane Tension

Remodeling of Membrane Shape and Topology by Curvature Elasticity and Membrane Tension

Building a community to engineer synthetic cells and organelles from the bottom-up

Modularize and Unite: Toward Creating a Functional Artificial Cell

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