Divide and Conquer-based Attack against RPL Routing Protocol

Boudouaia, Mohammed Amine; Abouaïssa, Abdelhafid; Benayache, Ayoub; Lorenz, Pascal

doi:10.1109/globecom42002.2020.9322275

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The estimation of the global energy consumption was measured by applying the following equations: 5

E n e r g y = ((), \frac{C u r r e n t C o m + C u r r e n t C P U}{R t i m e r S e c o n d}) * V o l t a g e

where

C u r r e n t C o m = false(T_{x} * c u r_{T x} false) + false(R_{x} * c u r_{R x} false)

and

C u r r e n t C P U = false(C p u * c u r_{C p u} false) + false(C p u I d l e * c u r_{C p u I d l e} false)

where RtimerSecond is a constant value of tick duration in the selected platform, cur is the current and ( T x , R x , Cpu , CpuIdle ) are values obtained from the Energest function which is predefined in Cooja (Energest_flush()). The Tx and Rx estimate the number of ticks of transmission and receive in the radio respectively.…”

Section: Evaluation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latter remains vulnerable to several types of attacks, such as attacks addressing rank values. In this section, a detection and elimination solution using a trust threshold in order to detect the attack against the rank value presented in Boudouaia et al 5 is proposed. The detection scheme does not have a significant impact on the overall power consumption or the lifetime of the network, because it uses the messages and the routing information of the original RPL protocol.…”

Section: Our Contributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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RPL rank based‐attack mitigation scheme in IoT environment

Boudouaia

Abouaïssa

Ali-Pacha

et al. 2021

Int J Communication

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Summary Due to the new technologies of the Internet of Things (IoT), connected objects have become smart interactive devices. However, despite their imminent advantages, whether for the daily life of users or in professional contexts, and the various security solutions proposed in literature in particular, the security of IoT networks is still a paramount issue given to the amount of confidential data that circulates through these technologies. In other words, among the IoT protocols that suffer from security issues, routing protocol for low power and lossy networks (RPL) is considered to be one of the most widely used protocols in the deployment of constrained IoT networks with limited resources (storage and energy constraints for example). On this basis, this article investigates in the first part a security flaw in the RPL protocol by carrying out an attack against the rank value of the RPL in an IoT environment. In the second part, a mitigation scheme to avoid it using a trust threshold is proposed. The malicious behavior of the attack and the effectiveness of the proposed scheme were assessed by detailed simulations using the Cooja simulator, in terms of successful detection rate, average network hops and global energy consumption. To conclude, a fair comparison between the different simulation results has been adopted using the Friedman statistical test, and a discussion has been presented with some future works concerning security against rank attack.

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“…The estimation of the global energy consumption was measured by applying the following equations: 5

E n e r g y = ((), \frac{C u r r e n t C o m + C u r r e n t C P U}{R t i m e r S e c o n d}) * V o l t a g e

where

C u r r e n t C o m = false(T_{x} * c u r_{T x} false) + false(R_{x} * c u r_{R x} false)

and

C u r r e n t C P U = false(C p u * c u r_{C p u} false) + false(C p u I d l e * c u r_{C p u I d l e} false)

Section: Evaluation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Our Contributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RPL rank based‐attack mitigation scheme in IoT environment

Boudouaia

Abouaïssa

Ali-Pacha

et al. 2021

Int J Communication

Self Cite

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“…Other consequences of this attack appeared in the form of degrading the quality of routing services by reducing PDR and network path stretch [17], [66]. In addition, other studies have highlighted the DIO suppression attack as an attack that forces nodes to update their routing tables with outdated and wrong data [13], [17], [22], [26], [67]. To illustrate the impact of DIO suppression attacks, we evaluate only the suppressing feature and its impact.…”

Section: ) Frequent Dio Replay Attacksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replay Attacks in RPL-Based Internet of Things: Survey and Empirical Comparative Study

Albinali,

Azzedin

2023

Preprint

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RPL was developed as a routing protocol in low-power and lossy network contexts to connect many applications using IP-based communication. However, RPL has been subjected to several attacks, including replay attacks. Replay attacks pose significant challenges as any node can initiate the attack by replaying control messages. These messages play a vital role in establishing and sustaining network topology. However, studies that discourse replay attacks are severely limited. To address this issue, we conducted a comprehensive study on replay attack forms and their impact on RPL networks. Our study includes the latest security countermeasures. According to the literature, most RPL replay attacks rely on replaying DIO messages leading to neighbor, DIO suppression, or copycat attacks. DAO messages are also utilized to launch a replay attack. Nevertheless, the literature lacks any study that analyzes DAO replay attacks. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that evaluates DAO replay attacks and includes the route table falsification attack.We conduct a comparative study of these attacks and empirically investigate their impact on networks through extensive evaluation experiments. Our findings verify the harm of replay attacks in terms of packet delivery and latency. The average local delivery ratio dropped to less than 60% under DIO suppression and copycat attacks, and the communication latency increased by 50% under neighbor attacks. These results confirm the threat of replay attacks on RPL networks and the need to design countermeasures to mitigate them.

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“…In (4) reviewed different types of network attacks in the RPL protocol. In (5) proposed a mechanism based on the divide and conquer method to identify pre-defined malicious nodes. This mechanism identified the various vulnerabilities in the traditional RPL protocol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secured Technique to Detect and Avoid Malicious Nodes in Internet of Things

Newton¹,

Samuel²

2022

IJST

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Objectives: To detect rank attacks during topology establishment and updated the RPL Destination Oriented Directed Acyclic Graph (DODAG) formation algorithm. The algorithm's distributed module runs across all participating nodes, while the centralized module runs in the sink. Methods: The integrity and authenticity of control messages transmitted among two nodes and the sink are verified using a lightweight Hashed Message Authentication Code -Light-weight One-way Cryptographic Hash Algorithm (HMAC-LOCHA). The Secured Technique to Detect and Avoid Malicious Nodes (STDAMN) technique is proposed to overcome the rank attack of the nodes. Findings:The proposed scheme STDAMN outperforms the LEADER and SBIDS schemes when considering 50% malicious nodes, the accuracy rate of STDAMN is 3% higher than LEADER and 17% higher than SBIDS in Security mode whereas it is 4% and 14% higher in non-security mode respectively in the decreased rank attack. Again considering 50% malicious nodes, the accuracy rate of STDAMN is 2% higher than LEADER and 13% higher than SBIDS in with-Security mode whereas it is 2.2% and 16.1% higher in without-security mode respectively in the increased rank attack. Also indeed, the false positive rate for STDAMN is lower by 72.5% and 72%, 15.3% and 21.2% whereas the false negative rate for STDAMN is lower by 77.2% and 62.1%, 32.5%, and 39.5% on average for with-security and without-security respectively than LEADER and SBIDS in the decreased rank attack. Novelty: This paper presents a rank attack detection approach for non-storing mode RPL used in IoT to cope with both increased and decreased rank attacks to address this issue. The performance of the suggested technique is assessed both conceptually and through simulation using the Contiki-based Cooja simulator. The proposed technique surpasses state-of-the-art rank attack detection techniques in terms of detection accuracy and false positive/negative rate while maintaining acceptable network performance, according to simulation results.

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Divide and Conquer-based Attack against RPL Routing Protocol

Cited by 4 publications

References 17 publications

RPL rank based‐attack mitigation scheme in IoT environment

RPL rank based‐attack mitigation scheme in IoT environment

Replay Attacks in RPL-Based Internet of Things: Survey and Empirical Comparative Study

Secured Technique to Detect and Avoid Malicious Nodes in Internet of Things

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