Diversity Within and Between Species of Botrytis

Walker, Anne‐Sophie

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-23371-0_6

Cited by 46 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Understanding the contributions of cryptic Botrytis species living in sympatry could provide information for improvement of disease management strategies (Walker, ). Numerous microorganisms have been tested as biocontrol agents against B. cinerea , with a small number of these currently commercially available (Nicot et al ., ; van Lenteren et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Several studies have shown that B. cinerea exists within a morphologically cryptic species complex (Giraud et al ., , ; Albertini et al ., ; Fournier et al ., , ; Walker et al ., ; Lorenzini & Zapparoli, ; Liu et al ., ; Garfinkel et al ., ). Distinguishing different Botrytis species in sympatry and defining their contributions to disease could assist in adapting control strategies (Walker, ). Grey mould management could be simplified if only a single species was the target for control (Walker et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Identification and characterization of Botrytis medusae, a novel cryptic species causing grey mould on wine grapes in Australia

2019

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In a collection of 735 Botrytis isolates sampled from Australian wine grape‐growing regions, a single isolate from clade I and group I (based on Bc‐hch RFLP analysis) was found. As many Botrytis species are known to live sympatrically, it was hypothesized that this isolate might be a new Botrytis species. After phenotypic and molecular assays supported this hypothesis, the species was designated B. medusae. Phylogenetic analyses using the nuclear genes G3PDH, HSP60, RPB2, NEP1 and NEP2 consistently placed B. medusae in an early‐diverging clade I Botrytis spp. lineage. Botrytis medusae produced white aerial mycelium, grew faster at 30 °C and produced long‐branched conidiophore extensions, compared with B. cinerea and B. pseudocinerea. Botrytis medusae was only able to infect wounded grape leaves and was significantly less virulent on wounded leaves and berries than B. cinerea. Botrytis medusae also lacked villiform appendages on the conidial surface and long conidiophores, which are defining features of B. sinoviticola and B. californica, respectively. Identification and characterization of new cryptic Botrytis species living in sympatry on grapevines could potentially provide information to assist disease management strategies for B. cinerea.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Identification and characterization of Botrytis medusae, a novel cryptic species causing grey mould on wine grapes in Australia

2019

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“…That would imply a high correlation between genetic distances and geographic distances. In agreement with this reasoning, population genetic differentiation has been observed at the continental scale or when important geographic barriers are present, with little or no differentiation at the national or regional scales (reviewed by Walker, ). The analysis performed in Castilla y León vineyards indicates that when the six wine‐producing areas are considered, a moderate correlation is observed between genetic and geographic distances; however, when only the four areas located at the central region of Castilla y León are considered, the correlation is low and negative.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Numerous works have also focused on the analysis of factors that can contribute to shape the population structure (reviewed by Walker, ). This information is essential to understand key aspects of the biology of the microorganism in nature and may have important implications for new control strategies in agricultural systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and population genetic analysis of Botrytis field isolates from vineyards in Castilla y León, Spain

et al. 2018

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Grey mould is reported in the vineyards of Castilla y León, Spain, every year. However, the natural populations of the pathogen have yet to be properly characterized. Vineyards from six wine‐producing areas were surveyed in 2002 and 2007, sampling from bunches of grapes with and without symptoms. A total of 283 Botrytis field isolates were selected for physiological and genetic analyses. Botrytis cinerea isolates predominated in the population, although isolates belonging to Botrytis pseudocinerea and Botrytis prunorum were also identified. These two species are recorded for the first time in Spain in this work. In addition, two isolates closely related to Botrytis californica were identified. Physiologically, the B. cinerea population is very diverse, displaying a normal distribution of aggressiveness values in Vitis vinifera leaves, suggesting a quantitative nature for this trait. Several isolates unable to cause infection were identified, most of them belonging to a mycelial morphotype. Population genetic analysis revealed that genotypic diversity is high and that multiple infections of the same bunch of grapes by different genotypes occur frequently. The high genotypic diversity observed, an even distribution of both mating types and the linkage disequilibrium values detected support a mixed mode of reproduction with low levels of clonality. The wine‐producing area in which each isolate was collected imposed a low degree of population differentiation, an effect that does not depend solely on the geographic distances but rather on the management practices used by growers and wine producer associations.

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“…Cryptic species are also related to resistance to the fungicide fenhexamid: group I is resistant, and group II is sensitive. The precise identification of the B. cinerea group is important for the species-specific fungicide resistance and aggressiveness (Fournier et Walker, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of Botrytis cinerea from strawberry in Lithuania

Rasiukevičiūtė

Rugienius

Šikšnianienė

2018

Zemdirbyste-Agriculture

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Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr is an important strawberry disease-causing pathogen with a broad host range. Classical B. cinerea identification is complicated due to the lack of morphological polymorphism between species. The use of molecular tools helps to identify pathogens fast and accurately. This study aimed to determine Botrytis spp. isolates and evaluate the genetic diversity of grey mould population in Lithuania. During June-August of 2012-2014, 273 isolates were sampled from 12 different areas of Lithuania. All samples were isolated from infected fruits, and single-spore isolates were extracted. B. cinerea isolates were identified using B. cinerea species-specific primers Bc108The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed two bands characteristic of two specific DNA fragments of B. cinerea -upper and lower band of 360 and 480 bp, respectively. These two bands reflect pathogen genotype differentiation and could be used for cryptic species detection. The cryptic species analysis revealed that resistant group I accounted for 16.95% and sensitive group II for 83.05% of the Lithuanian collection of B. cinerea isolates. The precise identification of the B. cinerea cryptic species is important for the species-specific fungicide resistance and aggressiveness. Four microsatellite markers used in this study revealed genetic diversity of B. cinerea. The 158 isolates were identified as B. cinerea. The most polymorphic microsatellite marker was BC6 (0.88) and the least polymorphic -BC7 (0.79). The isolates clustered into three genetic groups. The first group consisted of 45 strains, the second group of 15 and the third group of 4 isolates. Our data show genetic diversity within the Lithuanian population of B. cinerea. One of the management tools is recognition and identification of the pathogen which leads to optimal and efficient disease management.

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Diversity Within and Between Species of Botrytis

Cited by 46 publications

References 103 publications

Identification and characterization of Botrytis medusae, a novel cryptic species causing grey mould on wine grapes in Australia

Identification and characterization of Botrytis medusae, a novel cryptic species causing grey mould on wine grapes in Australia

Physiological and population genetic analysis of Botrytis field isolates from vineyards in Castilla y León, Spain

Genetic diversity of Botrytis cinerea from strawberry in Lithuania

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