Diversity, vitality and activities of intestinal lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria assessed by molecular approaches

Vaughan, Elaine E.; Heilig, Hans G.H.J.; Ben-Amor, Kaouther; Vos, Willem M. de

doi:10.1016/j.fmrre.2005.04.009

Cited by 139 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…The type of sugar available is likely to influence the species composition and abundance of the microbiota along the GIT (447). In this context, bacteria such as Lactobacillus are particularly prevalent in the upper GIT, where they mainly ferment relatively simple mono-, di-, and trisaccharides (447).…”

Section: Bifidobacteria and Carbohydrate Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, bacteria such as Lactobacillus are particularly prevalent in the upper GIT, where they mainly ferment relatively simple mono-, di-, and trisaccharides (447). In contrast, bacteria active in the lower parts of the colon, such as bifidobacteria, probably owe their specific ecological success to their capacity to metabolize complex carbohydrates.…”

Section: Bifidobacteria and Carbohydrate Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genomics ofActinobacteria: Tracing the Evolutionary History of an Ancient Phylum

Ventura

Canchaya

Tauch

et al. 2007

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

930

638

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SUMMARY Actinobacteria constitute one of the largest phyla among Bacteria and represent gram-positive bacteria with a high G+C content in their DNA. This bacterial group includes microorganisms exhibiting a wide spectrum of morphologies, from coccoid to fragmenting hyphal forms, as well as possessing highly variable physiological and metabolic properties. Furthermore, Actinobacteria members have adopted different lifestyles, and can be pathogens (e.g., Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Tropheryma, and Propionibacterium), soil inhabitants (Streptomyces), plant commensals (Leifsonia), or gastrointestinal commensals (Bifidobacterium). The divergence of Actinobacteria from other bacteria is ancient, making it impossible to identify the phylogenetically closest bacterial group to Actinobacteria. Genome sequence analysis has revolutionized every aspect of bacterial biology by enhancing the understanding of the genetics, physiology, and evolutionary development of bacteria. Various actinobacterial genomes have been sequenced, revealing a wide genomic heterogeneity probably as a reflection of their biodiversity. This review provides an account of the recent explosion of actinobacterial genomics data and an attempt to place this in a biological and evolutionary context.

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Section: Bifidobacteria and Carbohydrate Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bifidobacteria and Carbohydrate Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomics ofActinobacteria: Tracing the Evolutionary History of an Ancient Phylum

Ventura

Canchaya

Tauch

et al. 2007

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

930

638

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, some species have potential for production of raw ingredients for industrial processes, such as propanediol production for the textile industry (Nakamura & Whited, 2003). Lactobacilli are part of the normal human gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota and they may also be found in the GI tracts of other mammalian species (Klaenhammer & Russell, 2000;Tannock, 2004;Vaughan et al, 2005). Some Lactobacillus species have been attributed with probiotic properties, implying 'living micro-organisms which upon ingestion in certain numbers exert health benefits beyond inherent nutrition' (Guarner & Schaafsma, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of the genus Lactobacillus revealed by comparative genomics of five species

et al. 2006

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The genus Lactobacillus contains over 80 recognized species, and is characterized by a high level of diversity, reflected in its complex phylogeny. The authors' recent determination of the genome sequence of Lactobacillus salivarius means that five complete genomes of Lactobacillus species are available for comparative genomics: L. salivarius, L. plantarum, L. acidophilus, L. johnsonii and L. sakei. This paper now shows that there is no extensive synteny of the genome sequences of these five lactobacilli. Phylogeny based on whole-genome alignments suggested that L. salivarius was closer to L. plantarum than to L. sakei, which was closest to Enterococcus faecalis, in contrast to 16S rRNA gene relatedness. A total of 593 orthologues common to all five species were identified. Species relatedness based on this protein set was largely concordant with genome synteny-based relatedness. A Lactobacillus supertree, combining individual phylogenetic trees from each of 354 core proteins, had four main branches, comprising L. salivarius-L. plantarum; L. sakei; E. faecalis; and L. acidophilus-L. johnsonii. The extreme divergence of the Lactobacillus genomes analysed supports the recognition of new subgeneric divisions.

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“…Many Lactobacillus species have been shown to confer probiotic properties, meaning that, upon ingestion, they confer a range of benefits on the host (1). Lactobacilli are part of the normal human gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota, and they may also be found in the GI tracts of other mammalian species (2)(3)(4). Bacteria belonging to the species investigated in this study, Lactobacillus salivarius, have been isolated from the intestinal mucosa of 9% of human subjects examined (5), the tongue and rectum of 12% of healthy adults sampled (6), and feces of infants (7).…”

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confidence: 99%

Multireplicon genome architecture of Lactobacillus salivarius

Claesson

Li²,

Leahy³

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

199

185

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Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius strain UCC118 is a bacteriocin-producing strain with probiotic characteristics. The 2.13-Mb genome was shown by sequencing to comprise a 1.83 Mb chromosome, a 242-kb megaplasmid (pMP118), and two smaller plasmids. Megaplasmids previously have not been characterized in lactic acid bacteria or intestinal lactobacilli. Annotation of the genome sequence indicated an intermediate level of auxotrophy compared with other sequenced lactobacilli. No single-copy essential genes were located on the megaplasmid. However, contingency amino acid metabolism genes and carbohydrate utilization genes, including two genes for completion of the pentose phosphate pathway, were megaplasmid encoded. The megaplasmid also harbored genes for the Abp118 bacteriocin, a bile salt hydrolase, a presumptive conjugation locus, and other genes potentially relevant for probiotic properties. Two subspecies of L. salivarius are recognized, salivarius and salicinius, and we detected megaplasmids in both subspecies by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of sizes ranging from 100 kb to 380 kb. The discovery of megaplasmids of widely varying size in L. salivarius suggests a possible mechanism for genome expansion or contraction to adapt to different environments.megaplasmid ͉ probiotic ͉ heterofermentation

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Diversity, vitality and activities of intestinal lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria assessed by molecular approaches

Cited by 139 publications

References 109 publications

Genomics ofActinobacteria: Tracing the Evolutionary History of an Ancient Phylum

Genomics ofActinobacteria: Tracing the Evolutionary History of an Ancient Phylum

Diversity of the genus Lactobacillus revealed by comparative genomics of five species

Multireplicon genome architecture of Lactobacillus salivarius

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