Diversity patterns of marine heterotrophic culturable bacteria along vertical and latitudinal gradients

Abstract

Nowadays, there is a significant gap in the knowledge of the diversity and patterns for marine heterotrophic culturable microorganisms. In addition, most of the bacterial isolation efforts have focused on the photic ocean leaving the deep ocean less explored.We have isolated 1561 bacterial strains covering both photic (817) and aphotic layers (744) including isolates from the oxygen minimum zone (362) and the bathypelagic (382) from a variety of oceanographic regions including the North Western Mediterranean Sea, the North and South Atlantic Oceans, the Indian, the Pacific, and the Arctic Oceans. The partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of all isolates revealed that they mainly affiliate with the classes Alphaproteobacteria (35.9%) and Gammaproteobacteria (38.6%), as well as, phylum Bacteroidetes (16.5%). The genera Alteromonas and Erythrobacter were the most widespread heterotrophic bacteria in the ocean able to grow on solid agar media. When comparing the sequences of all isolates, 37% of them were 100% identical.In fact, we found that 59% of the total aphotic isolates were 100% identical to photic isolates, indicating the ubiquity of some bacterial isolates along the water column.Unweighted UniFrac distances did not show significant differences among stations regardless of their geographic distance or depth, reflecting the wide dispersion of the culturable bacterial assemblage. This isolates collection provides an overview of the distribution patterns of cosmopolitan marine culturable heterotrophic bacteria.

Mesonia oceanica sp. nov., isolated from oceans during the Tara oceans expedition, with a preference for mesopelagic waters

“…From the Tara oceans expedition (2009–2013) [13] we have isolated in culture a large collection of marina bacteria from different oceanographic regions and depths [14]. Based on such isolation effort, here we present the description of a novel species in this family, based on the phenotypic, genomic and phylogenetic study of the strains ISS653 T and ISS1889.…”

Identification of Microbiological Activities in Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization Systems

“…Pseudomonads were prominent components of the Unit P microbial community based on the 16S rRNA gene survey, in the metatranscriptome-based community profile, and in enrichment cultures ( Figure 3 ), indicating that these organisms are important and active parts of the microbial community in Unit P. Additionally, organisms attributable to marine, aerobic, organotrophic Idiomarina sp. ( Sanz-Sáez et al, 2019 ), a marine Tenericutes ( Fichtel et al, 2012 ), and a Bacillus subterraneus from Cr(VI)-contaminated soil ( Liu et al, 2019 ) were abundant in enrichment cultures. However, these latter organisms were not prominent components of the Unit P microbial community as indicated by the 16S rRNA gene sequencing-based survey or taxonomic assignment of 16S rRNA in the metatranscriptome ( Figure 3 ).…”

Disentangling microbial networks across pelagic zones in the global ocean

“…The former was onboard the R/V Hespérides and most ocean basins were sampled between December 2010 and July 2011. Malaspina samples included i) MalaSurf , surface samples (5,51), ii) MalaVP , vertical profiles (14), and iii) MalaDeep , deep-sea samples, (52–54). In the Hotmix expedition, sampling took place onboard the R/V Sarmiento de Gamboa between 27th April and 29th May 2014 and represented a quasi-synoptic transect across the MS and the adjacent North-East of the NAO.…”