Diversity pattern of adult ladybird (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) communities on pistachio trees in southern parts of Iran in different months

Effects of diet on development and reproductive fitness of two predatory coccinellids (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

“…Field observations by Mehrnejad et al (2011) showed that O. conglobata is one of the most abundant ladybirds among 17 species recorded from wild and cultivated pistachio trees in Southeastern Iran. This species is common on pistachio trees from April to October (Mehrnejad et al, 2011;Salehi et al, 2013); however, its oviposition behaviour is highly affected by psyllid abundance and the proportion of females laying eggs. The size of egg clutches decreases during midsummer.…”

“…Oenopia conglobata is one of the most important predators of Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt & Lauterer (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), a key pistachio pest in Iran (Mehrnejad & Jalali, 2004). Field observations in Southeastern Iran show that this species is a common coccinellid in pistachio trees from April to October (Mehrnejad et al, 2011;Salehi et al, 2013) and mainly prefer to remain on psyllid-infested pistachio leaves even when aphids, especially the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii (Glover), are abundant on herbaceous plants such as Alhagi sp. and Glycyrrhiza sp.…”

Relative suitability of the common pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae), as prey for the two-spotted ladybird, Adalia bipunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

“…The prevalent melanic form was sexpustulata (black with six red spots), and the most frequent non-melanic forms were typica (light red, with two round black spots) and revelierei with many black spots on a light red background (Salehi and Mehrnejad, 2014). The abundance of this species peaks in late spring and early summer in both planted and wild pistachio orchards (Salehi et al, 2013), but it is active in both spring and autumn .…”

“…Predatory insects are the major cause of mortality to the spring population of CPP , particularly in wild pistachio where no chemicals are used . Twenty-five coccinellid species have been recorded in planted and wild pistachio plantations in southern Iran (Salehi et al, 2013), with eight species, e.g. Adalia bipunctata (Linnaeus), Coccinella septempunctata (Linnaeus), Coccinella undecimpunctata aegyptiaca (Reiche), Coccinula elegantula Weise, Exochomus nigripennis (Erichson), Hippodamia variegata (Goeze), Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabricius) and Oenopia conglobata contaminata (Menetries) shown to be psyllophagous (Mehrnejad and Jalali, 2004;Mehrnejad et al, 2011).…”

Arthropod pests of pistachios, their natural enemies and management

“…Natural enemies. Several laboratory and field studies have documented the diversity and biological parameters of the CPP's natural enemies (Mehrnejad 1998(Mehrnejad , 2003(Mehrnejad , 2008(Mehrnejad , 2014bMehrnejad & Ueckermann 2001, 2002Mehrnejad & Jalali 2004;Mehrnejad & Copland 2005a, b, 2006a, b, c, 2007Mehrnejad & Emami 2005;Hasani-Kabotarkhani et al 2009;Pourali et al 2010Pourali et al , 2011Pourali et al , 2012Mehrnejad et al , 2013Mehrnejad et al , 2015Salehi et al 2011Salehi et al , 2013Jalali et al 2014Jalali et al , 2018Jalali et al , 2019Parish et al 2015;Mirhosseini et al 2015;Haitlinger & Mehrnejad 2017). At least, twenty-three beneficial insect and mite species attack the CPPs (Mehrnejad 2016).…”