Diversity of xylariaceous symbionts in Xiphydria woodwasps: role of vector and a host tree

Pažoutová, Sylvie; Šrůtka, Petr; Holuša, Jaroslav; Chudíčková, Milada; Kolařík, Miroslav

doi:10.1016/j.funeco.2010.07.002

Cited by 35 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This paper and the subsequent study by Pažoutová et al (2010) demonstrated that the apparent host specificity of certain Daldinia species is due in part to their association with insects that are likewise host specific. Pažoutová et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

A polyphasic taxonomy of Daldinia (Xylariaceae)1

Stadler

Læssøe

Fournier³

et al. 2014

Studies in Mycology

163

156

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For a monograph based on a polythetic concept, several thousands of herbarium specimens, and several hundreds of freshly collected and cultured specimens of Daldinia and allied Xylariaceae, originating from around the world, were studied for morphological traits, including by SEM, and chemically by HPLC profiles using UV-visible and mass spectrometric detection. Emphasis was given to tropical material, and importantly, ancient specimens, including as many types as possible, were tracked and studied to review earlier taxonomic concepts. An epitype of D. eschscholtzii was selected as representative of the morphochemotype that is most widely distributed in the tropics. Six new species of Daldinia from the tropics and the southern Hemisphere are described. Daldinia asphalatum is resurrected, and D. cudonia is regarded as its synonym. In addition, the following binomials are epi-, iso-, neo- and/or lectotypified: Daldinia asphalatum, D. caldariorum, D. clavata, D. cuprea, D. durissima, D. eschscholtzii, D. grandis, D. loculata, and D. vernicosa. Annellosporium and Versiomyces are regarded as synonyms of Daldinia. Many new synonymies in Daldinia are proposed, and some previously published names are rejected. In total, 47 taxa in Daldinia are recognised and a key is provided. Their biogeography, chorology, and ecology, as well as the importance of their secondary metabolites, are also discussed. The previous definition of the genus is emended. The species concept is based mainly on morphological and other phenotype-derived characters because, despite diligent search, no molecular data or cultures of several of the accepted species could be obtained. Daldinia is segregated into five major groups, based on phenotypic characteristics. Some unnamed but aberrant specimens were not found in good condition and are therefore not formally described as new species. However, they are illustrated in detail in a hope that this will facilitate the discovery of fresh material in future. A preliminary molecular phylogeny based on 5.8S/ITS nrDNA including numerous representatives of all hitherto described taxa for which cultures are extant, was found basically in agreement with the above mentioned segregation of the genus, based on morphological and chemotaxonomic evidence. In the rDNA based phylogenetic tree, Daldinia appears clearly distinct from members of the genera Annulohypoxylon and Hypoxylon; nevertheless, representatives of small genera of predominantly tropical origin (Entonaema, Phylacia, Ruwenzoria, Rhopalostroma, Thamnomyces) appear to have evolved from daldinioid ancestors and are nested inside the Daldinia clade. Interestingly, these findings correlate with chemotaxonomic characters to a great extent, especially regarding the distribution of marker metabolites in their mycelial cultures. Hence, the current study revealed for the first time that fungal secondary metabolite profiles can have taxonomic value beyond the species rank and even coincide with phylogenetic data.Taxonomic novelties:Daldinia andina sp. nov., D. aust...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

A polyphasic taxonomy of Daldinia (Xylariaceae)1

Stadler

Læssøe

Fournier³

et al. 2014

Studies in Mycology

163

156

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The fungus-growing lizard beetle Doubledaya bucculenta transmits symbiotic yeast into bamboo internode cavities and disperses the yeast in the cavities to make gardens (Toki et al, 2013). These protofarming phenomena have also been reported in some species of gall midges and wood wasps (Kukor and Martin, 1983;Heath and Stireman, 2010;Pazoutova et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Farming of a defensive fungal mutualist by an attelabid weevil

Wang

Feng²,

Tian

et al. 2015

The ISME Journal

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The mutualism between fungus-growing animals and fungi is a classic example of a complex interspecies association. A handful of insects, notably the well-recognized fungus-farming ants, termites and beetles, have developed advanced agriculture, which includes seeding new gardens with crop propagules, improving growth conditions and protecting and harvesting the fungal crop. More examples, which could be called 'proto-fungiculture', involve fewer adaptations, as exemplified by marine snails that farm intertidal fungi on marsh grass. Recent work has indicated that the solitary leaf-rolling weevil Euops chinensis (family Attelabidae) has a protofarming symbiosis with the mycangial fungus Penicillium herquei (family Trichocomaceae). In this study, we investigated how the weevils create cradles (leaf-rolls) for their offspring and protect the fungal garden. We describe new specialized structures and behaviors that E. chinensis females use for leaf-rolling and fungus inoculation. The fungus P. herquei produces the antibiotic ( þ )-scleroderolide in laboratory culture and in leaf-rolls, which can serve to inhibit microbial 'weeds' and pests, thus protecting the fungal garden against potential infection. The fungiculture of E. chinensis differs from other advanced insect fungiculture systems because female weevils do not continuously tend the inoculated microbe and do not depend nutritionally on the fungus. The defensive role of the cultivated fungus makes the attelabid weevils exceptional in 'proto-fungiculture' animals.

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“…In contrast with Sirex , in the woodwasp family Xiphydriidae, five species of Xiphydria are associated with one to four species of symbiotic fungi. In this system, each Xiphydria species is associated with numerous different species and genera of hardwood trees, which influences the species of symbiotic fungi with which they are associated [26]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fidelity Among Sirex Woodwasps and Their Fungal Symbionts

et al. 2013

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We report that associations between mutualistic fungi and their economically and ecologically important woodwasp hosts are not always specific as was previously assumed. Woodwasps in the genus Sirex engage in obligate nutritional ectosymbioses with two species of Amylostereum, a homobasid\iomycete genus of white rot fungi. In the present study, the Amylostereum species and genotypes associated with three species of Sirex native to eastern North America and one relatively recent invasive Sirex from Europe were investigated by comparing intergenic spacer regions (IGS). Sirex spp. were sampled over 6 years from 23 sites in six US states, ranging from Maine in the northeast to Louisiana in the southeast, to obtain samples of Amylostereum from mycangia of adult females. Two of the native Sirex species (Sirex nigricornis and Sirex nitidus) were associated with either Amylostereum chailletii or Amylostereum areolatum, refuting the hypothesis of strict species-specific relationships. However, the invasive Sirex noctilio and the native Sirex cyaneus were each collected with only A. areolatum or A. chailletii, respectively, although S. noctilio was associated with two different IGS genotypes of A. areolatum and S. cyaneus occurs sympatrically with the other native Sirex. In Pinus, the preferred host tree of S. nigricornis and S. noctilio, these species co-occurred in 25.9 % of trees sampled, and horizontal transmission of fungal strains from S. noctilio to S. nigricornis was documented, although only in one tree. The extent that further spread and establishment of S. noctilio will alter the composition of symbionts carried by native Sirex is unknown but will depend in part on the degree of flexibility in these host–symbiont associations.

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Diversity of xylariaceous symbionts in Xiphydria woodwasps: role of vector and a host tree

Cited by 35 publications

References 23 publications

A polyphasic taxonomy of Daldinia (Xylariaceae)1

A polyphasic taxonomy of Daldinia (Xylariaceae)1

Farming of a defensive fungal mutualist by an attelabid weevil

Fidelity Among Sirex Woodwasps and Their Fungal Symbionts

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