Diversity of Wide Hybridization Derivatives of Winter Wheat for Resistance to Diseases and Other Alien Characters

Abstract

Introduction. The global climate change conduces spreading of main diseases of winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and increases the yield losses caused by both these diseases and drought. Preventing the devastating impact of these factors on the yield depends on development of donors carrying the resistance genes. Aim. The diversity of new introgression wheat lines derived from complex interspecies crosses was evaluated for resistance to widespread diseases, drought and other agricultural traits. Methods. The trial was conducted consecutively during two vegetative periods (2018-2019 and 2019-2020) on the black earth area under the arid system in a control nursery design. Genetic material includes seventy-eight introgression wheat lines of different origin with two check cultivars for the arid climate zone of Ukraine. The data on nine agronomic (quantitative scores) and five plant pathological (point scores) traits were collected and subjected to both variance and correlation analysis to comprehend the contribution of the factors towards general diversity and connections between the characters. Results. Most lines were resistant to rust species due to the successful introgression of alien Lr, Yr and Sr genes from all sources involved in hybridization. High long-term resistance to stem rust was observed mainly among the derivatives of the collection sample H74/90-245 from Bulgaria, whose genetic background was favorable for generating a positive effect of 1BL.1RS translocation on both productive and adaptive traits in southern Ukraine and the ability to combine with other resistance genes. The yield traits did not correlate with the resistance to diseases except stem rust (Rsp = 0.34**) and Septoria blight (Rsp = −0.23*). Resistance to stem rust correlated with the grain and protein yield, test weight and flour density, which may be due to the presence of translocation 1BL.1RS. Negative correlation was observed between quality traits and grain yield, but quality traits mainly positively correlated with each other. The plant height had the highest contribution to grain yield followed by volume of 1000 kernels and WTK. Conclusions. The introgression lines were found to be diverse and potential for use in the wheat improvement programs for resistance to the diseases or drought in Southern Ukraine.

Extension of the forming process in the selection of winter common wheat for productivity and quality by using the gene pool of related wheat species within the framework of food security

“…Most researchers (Osmachko et al, 2020;Motsnyi et al, 2021) note that as a result of introgressive hybridization, i.e., in genetics, it is the transfer of a gene from one species to the gene pool of another through repeated backcrossing of an interspecies hybrid with one of the parent species, it is possible to create valuable raw material for use in wheat improvement programs both in terms of quality and resistance to a complex of pathogens.…”

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“…Most researchers (Osmachko et al, 2020;Motsnyi et al, 2021) note that as a result of introgressive hybridization, i.e., in genetics, it is the transfer of a gene from one species to the gene pool of another through repeated backcrossing of an interspecies hybrid with one of the parent species, it is possible to create valuable raw material for use in wheat improvement programs both in terms of quality and resistance to a complex of pathogens.…”