Diversity of Trichinella species in relation to the host species and geographical location

Bilska–Zając, Ewa; Różycki, Mirosław; Grądziel-Krukowska, Katarzyna; Bełcik, Aneta; Mizak, Iwona; Karamon, Jacek; Sroka, Jacek; Zdybel, Jolanta; Cencek, Tomasz

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109052

Cited by 24 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…According to the International Trichinella Reference Centre (EP, unpublished data), T. spiralis has been detected in 1153 (80.9%) domestic pigs and 1468 (55.7%) wild boar, T. britovi in 270 (18.9%) domestic pigs and 1119 (42.4%) wild boar, and T. pseudospiralis in two (0.1%) domestic pigs and 49 (1.8%) wild boar. These data confirm the results of epidemiological investigations carried out in Europe, where these three Trichinella species coexist [ 15 – 18 , 43 – 51 ]. The longer survival of T. spiralis in domestic pigs compared to the other two species highlights the exceptional dissemination potential conferred on T. spiralis by its association with domesticated swine and the maintenance of the domestic cycle.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Differences in larval survival and IgG response patterns in long-lasting infections by Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella britovi and Trichinella pseudospiralis in pigs

et al. 2020

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Background Domesticated and wild swine play an important role as reservoir hosts of Trichinella spp. and a source of infection for humans. Little is known about the survival of Trichinella larvae in muscles and the duration of anti-Trichinella antibodies in pigs with long-lasting infections. Methods Sixty pigs were divided into three groups of 20 animals and infected with 10,000 larvae of Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella britovi or Trichinella pseudospiralis. Four pigs from each group were sacrificed at 2, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months post-infection (p.i.) and the number of larvae per gram (LPG) of muscles was calculated. Serum samples were tested by ELISA and western blot using excretory/secretory (ES) and crude antigens. Results Trichinella spiralis showed the highest infectivity and immunogenicity in pigs and larvae survived in pig muscles for up to 2 years p.i. In these pigs, the IgG level significantly increased at 30 days p.i. and reached a peak at about 60 days p.i., remaining stable until the end of the experiment. In T. britovi-infected pigs, LPG was about 70 times lower than for T. spiralis at 2 months p.i. and only very few infecting larvae were detected at 6 months p.i., whereas no larvae were detected at 12, 18 and 24 months p.i. At 6 months p.i., degenerated/calcified larvae and cysts were detected in the muscles by trichinoscopy and histology. The IgG pattern showed by T. britovi-infected pigs was similar to that of T. spiralis-infected pigs, although seroconversion occurred some days later. The larval burden of T. pseudospiralis was slightly greater than for T. britovi at 2 months p.i., but no larvae were detected at 6 and 12 months p.i. In T. pseudospiralis-infected pigs, seroconversion occurred slowly, as in T. britovi-infected pigs. The IgG level showed a significant drop at 6 months p.i. and declining to the cut-off value at 12 months p.i. Conclusions The longer survival of T. spiralis in pigs in comparison with the other two species highlights its exceptional dissemination potential. These results provide an explanation of the controversial data collected by parasitological and serological tools in the course of epidemiological investigations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Differences in larval survival and IgG response patterns in long-lasting infections by Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella britovi and Trichinella pseudospiralis in pigs

et al. 2020

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“…T. spiralis was found to be more prevalent in the wild boar population in the western and central areas of Poland (70-85%) than in the eastern part (46-60%). T. britovi was common in the red fox population throughout the area, but it was most prevalent in the east [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A Case of Trichinellosis in a 14-Year-Old Male Child at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia

Melese

Mohammed

Ketema

et al. 2021

Case Reports in Infectious Diseases

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Background. Trichinellosis develops after ingestion of Trichinella cysts in pork meat. It is one of the most important parasitic human pathogens in the world. It is, however, underreported in part because none of the clinical manifestations are pathognomonic. The primary mode of transmission is ingestion of raw meat. Among the symptoms are muscle pain, swelling, and myopathy. High-grade fever and other systemic symptoms are not unusual. The hallmarks are ophthalmic and musculoskeletal manifestations, particularly conjunctival haemorrhage with periorbital edema and subungual splinter haemorrhage. Although the majority of infections are mild and asymptomatic, severe infections can result in enteritis, periorbital edema, and myositis. Presentation of the Case. A 14-year-old male patient from Oromia Region, Arsi Zone, West Arsi Zone, Bishan Guracha area, which is almost completely encircled by mountains, presented with a complaint of worsening easy fatigability and asymmetric right thigh enlargement lasting one month. The pertinent physical examinations on presentation were puffy face and eyes, and there was a 4 cm by 5 cm mass on the right lateral thigh with no overlying skin colour change, on-tender, and no discharge. Eosinophilia of 14% was noticed on the complete blood count. The definitive diagnosis of trichinellosis was made by muscle biopsy. He was then managed with albendazole and prednisolone and improved. Conclusion. Patients with periorbital edema, myositis, or eosinophilia should be evaluated for trichinellosis. Individuals who have these symptoms and a history of eating pork meat should be suspected of having trichinellosis. Before eating raw pork meat, it is recommended that it be cooked properly.

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“…The Trichinella genus (Phylum: Nematoda, Class: Enoplea, Order: Trichocephalida , Family: Trichinellidae ) includes 13 species so far and additional genotypes that have not been recognized as distinct species [ 1 , 2 ]. Four species, namely, Trichinella spiralis , Trichinella britovi , Trichinella nativa , and Trichinella pseudospiralis , are known to be circulating in Poland in a wide spectrum of hosts [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. The transmission of the parasite occurs when a susceptible host ingests muscle tissue containing live larvae [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the Magnetic Stirrer Method for the Detection of Trichinella Larvae in Muscle Samples Based on Proficiency Tests Results

Różycki

Korpysa‐Dzirba

Bełcik

et al. 2022

Foods

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Trichinellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the nematodes of the genus Trichinella. Infection takes place through the consumption of infected meat containing live larvae. The only way to prevent the disease is to break its epizootic chain. To ensure effective control of Trichinella spp., a range of preventive and control measures have been undertaken. These efforts have been focused on controlling Trichinella in domestic pigs, the main source of the disease. Artificial digestion is also the reference point for other methods for Trichinella risk control. Descriptive data validation of the digestion assay was presented in 1998 based on results published by scientific laboratories. Herein, we supplement those data by characterizing the method’s performance in inter-laboratory comparisons. The source of data was the results of Proficiency Testing conducted in 2015–2019. Samples were contaminated by 0, 1, 3, and 5 larvae. In total, 7580 samples were examined by the laboratories. Based on Proficiency Testing results, the main parameters characterizing the method performance in field conditions were established as follows: specificity, 97.3%; sensitivity, 86.5%; accuracy, 89.2%; uncertainty, 0.3; limit of detection (LOD), 1 larva; and limit of quantification (LOQ), 3 larvae.

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Diversity of Trichinella species in relation to the host species and geographical location

Cited by 24 publications

References 31 publications

Differences in larval survival and IgG response patterns in long-lasting infections by Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella britovi and Trichinella pseudospiralis in pigs

Differences in larval survival and IgG response patterns in long-lasting infections by Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella britovi and Trichinella pseudospiralis in pigs

A Case of Trichinellosis in a 14-Year-Old Male Child at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia

Validation of the Magnetic Stirrer Method for the Detection of Trichinella Larvae in Muscle Samples Based on Proficiency Tests Results

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