Diversity of the exoproteome of Fusarium graminearum grown on plant cell wall

Abstract

The exoproteome of the fungus Fusarium graminearum grown on glucose and on hop (Humulus lupulus, L.) cell wall has been investigated. The culture medium was found to contain a higher quantity of proteins and the proteins are more diverse when the fungus is grown on cell wall. Using both 1D and 2D electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry analysis and protein identification based on similarity searches, 84 unique proteins were identified in the cell wall-grown fungal exoproteome. Many are putatively implicated in carbohydrate metabolism, mainly in cell wall polysaccharide degradation. The predicted carbohydrate-active enzymes fell into 24 different enzymes classes, and up to eight different proteins within a same class are secreted. This indicates that fungal metabolism becomes oriented towards synthesis and secretion of a whole arsenal of enzymes able to digest almost the complete plant cell wall. Cellobiohydrolase is one of the only four proteins found both after growth on glucose and on plant cell wall and we propose that this enzyme could act as a sensor of the extracellular environment. Extensive knowledge of this very diverse F. graminearum exoproteome is an important step towards the full understanding of Fusarium/plants interactions.

The influence of Fusarium infection and growing location on the quantitative protein composition of (Part II) naked barley (Hordeum vulgare nudum)

“…the fungus as fungal proteases such as trypsin protease or serine protease are part of the exoproteome of Fusarium spp., and they are known to be protein-degrading enzymes [26][27][28]. The reasons for this lower degree of degradation of barley storage proteins in comparison to that found with wheat [11] may be (1) the localized infection that occurred only on selected single grains in barley [29], or perhaps (2) the occurrence of proteinase inhibition by microbial proteinase inhibitors such as barley BowmanBirk inhibitor (BBI) or serine protease inhibitor [30,31], or (3) the synthesis of pathogenesis-related proteins (chitinase), defence-response proteins (oxidative burst response), protein-synthesis-related proteins and proteins involved in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis (phenole and indole derivates) pathway as a reaction to the Fusarium infection [13][14][15][16].…”

“…Non-extractable proteins are membrane-associated or those basic proteins with a high sugar content [26] and also include the non-extractable storage proteins. For a more complete and efficient extraction of the plant proteins, more specialized procedures must be used [27].…”

Shotgun Analysis of the Secretome of Fusarium graminearum

“…Proteomic analysis, however, has been proven to be the most powerful method for the identification of proteins in complex mixtures and is suitable for studying the modification of protein expression in an organism due to genetic and/or environmental variations [2]. The exoproteome of the fungus F. graminearum grown on different media were investigated [7][8][9], and more than three hundreds proteins secreted were identified. Comparing these studies, it can be drawn that the actual compositions of the secretome of F. graminearum grown on different media were different, and no experiment is saturating in regard to defining all the proteins secreted by the fungus at any given time or under certain condition.…”

“…Recently, based on F. graminearum genomic information and bioinformatics, more than 600 extracellular proteins have been postulated [4]. Yet, such computerized assumption can only provide a potential protein profile, and does not represent the reality as many postulated genes do not have transcriptional or translational functions [5][6][7]. Proteomic analysis, however, has been proven to be the most powerful method for the identification of proteins in complex mixtures and is suitable for studying the modification of protein expression in an organism due to genetic and/or environmental variations [2].…”

Estudo molecular do desenvolvimento de <i>Puccinia psidii</i> Winter <i>in vitro</i> e no processo de infecção em<i> Eucalyptus grandis</i>

“…psidii . As proteases muitas vezes não são claramente correlacionadas com a patogênese, mas, no entanto, é sabido que a secreção de proteases é aumentada quando fungos são colocados em contato com extratos de plantas (ESPINO et al, 2010;PHALIP et al, 2005;ZORN et al, 2005).…”