Diversity of Structure and Antiherbivore Activity in Condensed Tannins

Ayres, Matthew P.; Clausen, Thomas P.; MacLean, S. F.; Redman, Ahnya M.; Reichardt, Paul B.

doi:10.2307/2266094

Cited by 101 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 81 publications

(120 reference statements)

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“…Condensed tannins are regularly considered as plant defenses, and their inhibitory effects on the larval performance of insect herbivores are especially well-known (Manuwoto & Scriber 1986;Bryant et al 1987;Ayres et al 1997). Nevertheless, (+)-catechin did not inhibit the feeding of A. alni.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All these phenolic compounds are generally known to be potential defenses against herbivorous insects (Isman & Duffey 1982;Tahvanainen et al 1985;Manuwoto & Scriber 1986;Matsuda & Senbo 1986;Bryant et al 1987;Lindroth et al 1988;Kelly & Curry 1991;Ayres et al 1997;Ikonen et al 2001;Ruuhola et al 2001). As willows were lower-ranked hosts, we made several bioassays to test if some of the previous three types of secondary phenolics are effective deterrents for A. alni.…”

Section: Bioassays With Pure Phenolic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenolic secondary compounds as determinants of the host plant preferences of the leaf beetle Agelastica alni

2002

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When the palatability of five plant species was studied in laboratory feeding trials, Alnus incana L. was the preferred host for an oligophagous leaf beetle, Agelastica alni L. In addition, Salix phylicifolia L. and S. caprea L. were consumed moderately, but S. myrsinifolia Salisb. and S. pentandra L. were rejected. The feeding preferences in the laboratory well predicted the distribution of A. alni adults on the alternative host species in nature. As a potential explanation for the observed host utilization pattern, willows were found to contain more condensed tannins in their leaves than the preferred grey alder, A. incana. However, (+)-catechin, a basic structural unit of condensed tannin molecules, showed no deterrent activity against A. alni. In contrast, both chlorogenic acid and a salicylate-type phenolic glucoside, salicin, inhibited the feeding of A. alni in bioassays with pure phenolic compounds. Thus, high leaf content of chlorogenic acid and salicylates appear to largely explain the poor palatability of S. myrsinifolia and S. pentandra for A. alni. On the other hand, as A. alni prefers A. incana over even S. phylicifolia with little potent deterrents in its leaves, leaves of A. incana probably contain some specific stimulants for A. alni. Experiments with pure phenolic compounds suggest that these stimulants may overcome the effects of potential deterrents tested on A. incana leaves. This means that the effects of individual secondary compounds on A. alni may be modified by the background composition of other leaf chemicals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bioassays With Pure Phenolic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenolic secondary compounds as determinants of the host plant preferences of the leaf beetle Agelastica alni

2002

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“…It is likely that they are not playing an important role in insect-plant interaction in comparison with other secondary metabolites (Ayres et al, 1997). When considering the biochemical aspects of lepidopterans midgut it is worth emphasising that CT protein precipitation capacity reaction requires an acidic or neutral environment (Salminen & Karonen, 2011) while in lepidopterans larva's it is alkaline (Terra et al, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecophysiological aspects of the interaction between Cameraria ohridella and Guignardia aesculi on Aesculus hippocastanum

Jagiełło¹,

Baraniak²,

Karolewski³

et al. 2017

Dendrobiology

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Popular in the urban environment is the horse chestnut, Aesculus hippocastanum which is suffering mainly due to the feeding of the horse chestnut leaf miner (Cameraria ohridella). The harmfulness of this pest is well recognized. Not much attention was put in discovering the interaction of this insect with the fungal pathogen Guignardia aesuli, the agent of leaf blotch. Host plant mediation in this particular insect-plant pathogen interaction is crucial for understanding the complexity of the horse chestnut's current and future situation. Recognising the response of the host plant for separated and simultaneous colonisation by insect and fungus was the aim of this study. Leaf damage dynamics and phenolic compounds content (total soluble phenolic compounds -TPh, and condensed tannins -CT), and stem volume increment (SVI) of the horse chestnut saplings was considered and their relationship identified. The main hypothesis was that insect feeding and fungal infection when separated elicit a similar pattern in defence response of the host but this defence response is different when they both coexist on the same plant. Basing on crown projection area photographs sequence, foliage damage dynamics was assessed (Richard's growth model) and protocol developed. Measurements of stem volume were performed sequentially to indicate potential growth response. Through this study, it was identified that the content of phenolic compounds in leaves was higher when both pests colonized saplings in comparison with those where saplings were infested by one biotic factor. It is also documented that foliage damage dynamics was higher when only the fungal pathogen attacked plants than when it was infected by both pests. A trade-off was identified between growth and secondary metabolism. Leaf damage affected stem volume increment only in the late summer, when a high level of defoliation was observed. Simultaneous infestation by fungal and insect agents made unfavourable conditions rather for the former. How this interaction affects the latter is not covered by our results and still remains undiscovered.

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“…Different concentrations of compounds were prepared in 80% acetone. The leaf-painting procedure followed that of Ayres et al (1997). We picked fresh leaves, weighed them and estimated their dry mass using the dry/wet mass ratios of 10 leaves collected 18 hours earlier.…”

Section: Leaf Materials and Painting Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of hydrolysable tannins on a herbivorous insect: fate of individual tannins in insect digestive tract

Salminen

Lempa

2002

Chemoecology

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We investigated the effects of four chemically characterised galloylglucoses (GGs, a subgroup of hydrolysable tannins) and their hydrolysis product, gallic acid (GA), on consumption and performance of larvae of the autumnal moth Epirrita autumnata. Larvae were fed with birch (Betula pubescens) leaves that had been painted individually with each of the compounds at two levels, 5 and 20 mg/g. In addition, we investigated the fates of the leafpainted GGs and GA in the E. autumnata digestive tract by comparing phenolics in leaves consumed and in faeces. In general, GGs reduced leaf consumption by E. autumnata during the second and fourth instars, although there was high compound-and instar-specific variation. However, GGs did not affect the leaf consumption rates by the most voracious fifth instar larvae. This resulted in approximately the same loss of total biomass by the experimental tree, regardless of the nature and level of GGs enriched to its foliage. The characteristic fate of hydrolysable tannins, i.e. hydrolysis, was evidenced in the larval digestive tract for three of the four leaf-painted GGs. In addition to hydrolysis, the almost total absence of GGs in larval faeces was presumably related to the oxidation of GGs. The dose-dependent excretion percentage of ingested GA showed that it's faecal content should not be used, although it commonly is, to calculate the level of GG hydrolysis. Moreover, by comparing the non-uniform appearance of faecal tetragalloylglucoses, whether ingested as such or hydrolysed from pentagalloylglucose, we concluded that a major part of oxidation of GGs occurs before their hydrolysis in the digestive tract of E. autumnata. Criticism against the common use of tannic acid, a heterogeneous mixture of GA and GGs, in ecological studies is presented.

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Diversity of Structure and Antiherbivore Activity in Condensed Tannins

Cited by 101 publications

References 81 publications

Phenolic secondary compounds as determinants of the host plant preferences of the leaf beetle Agelastica alni

Phenolic secondary compounds as determinants of the host plant preferences of the leaf beetle Agelastica alni

Ecophysiological aspects of the interaction between Cameraria ohridella and Guignardia aesculi on Aesculus hippocastanum

Effects of hydrolysable tannins on a herbivorous insect: fate of individual tannins in insect digestive tract

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