Diversity of opportunistic black fungi on babassu coconut shells, a rich source of esters and hydrocarbons

Nascimento, Mariana Machado Fidelis do; Vicente, Vânia A.; Bittencourt, Juliana Vitória Messias; Gelinski, Jane Mary Lafayette Neves; Prenafeta-Boldú, Francesc X.; Romero-Güiza, M.S.; Fornari, Gheniffer; Gomes, Renata Rodrigues; Santos, Germana Davila dos; Ende, A. H. G. Gerrits van den; Azevedo, Conceição de Maria Pedrozo e Silva de; Hoog, G. Sybren de

doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2017.01.006

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…It may be surmised that in E. spinifera the CYP P450 genes have other functions than toluene degradation. Nascimento et al (2017) found rich populations of E. spinifera in degrading coconut shells rich in esters and hydrocarbons, while E. dermatitidis is unambiguously associated with monoaromatic pollutants, alkanes and creosotes (Isola et al, 2013;Gümral et al, 2014). Although this ability may enhance neurotropism in E. dermatitidis, the human brain is unlikely as a natural habitat for the species, which should be considered as an opportunist rather than a pathogen, as is exemplified by a recently described hydrocarbon-degrading in the Antarctic (Zhang et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Comparative Genomic Analysis of Capsule-Producing Black Yeasts Exophiala dermatitidis and Exophiala spinifera, Potential Agents of Disseminated Mycoses

et al. 2020

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The two black yeasts Exophiala dermatitidis and Exophiala spinifera that are clinically considered as the most virulent species potentially causing disseminated infections are both producing extracellular capsule-like material, are compared. In this study, 10 genomes of E. spinifera and E. dermatitidis strains, including both clinical and environmental isolates, were selected based on phylogenetic analysis, physiology tests and virulence tests, sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq sequencer and annotated. Comparison of genome data were performed between intraspecific and interspecific strains. We found capsule-associated genes were however not consistently present in both species by the comparative genomics. The prevalent clinical species, E. dermatitidis, has small genomes containing significantly less virulence-associated genes than E. spinifera, and also than saprobic relatives. Gene OG0012246 and Myb-like DNA-binding domain and SANT/Myb domain, restricted to two strains from human brain, was shared with the neurotropic species Rhinocladiella mackenziei. This study indicated that different virulence profiles existed in the two capsule-producing black yeasts, and the absence of consistent virulence-associated profiles supports the hypothesis that black yeasts are opportunists rather than primary pathogens. The results also provide the key virulence genes and drive the continuing research forward pathogen-host interactions to explore the pathogenesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Comparative Genomic Analysis of Capsule-Producing Black Yeasts Exophiala dermatitidis and Exophiala spinifera, Potential Agents of Disseminated Mycoses

et al. 2020

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“…For example, the toxin efflux pumps of the class trichothecene (TC 2.A.1.3.47) are highly abundant in most of the Chaetothyriales (i.e., 65 gene copies in Cladophialophora immunda) (Blasi et al 2017;Teixeira et al 2017), while the domatia-associated lineages harbor 9 to 10 gene copies coding for this transporter. These data suggest that, similar to CYPs and alcohol dehydrogenases, transporters are vastly duplicated in the derived Chaetothyriales which are not associated with ant domatia; this may be related to their lifestyle in environments where nutrient access requires complex metabolic plasticity, such as soil polluted with benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) and shells of the babassu coconut palm tree containing a rich diversity of terpenoids and fatty acids (Badali et al 2011;Nascimento et al 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic analysis of ant domatia-associated melanized fungi (Chaetothyriales, Ascomycota)

et al. 2019

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Several species of melanized (Bblack yeast-like^) fungi in the order Chaetothyriales live in symbiotic association with ants inhabiting plant cavities (domatia) or with ants that use carton-like material for the construction of nests and tunnels. To investigate the genetic basis and evolution of this lifestyle, genomes of a lineage of four chaetothyrialean strains were sequenced and the genes annotated. While many members of Chaetothyriales have a large ensemble of enzymes enhancing tolerance of extreme or toxic environmental conditions, such as soil polluted with benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX), members of the domatia symbiont clade experienced significant gene family contractions. This includes enzymes involved in detoxification processes such as cytochrome P450s, transporters, and alcohol dehydrogenases. Overall, the genomes of domatiaassociated species are relatively small compared to other Chaetothyriales, with low numbers of protein-coding genes and with a high content of repetitive elements. Biosynthetic clusters involved in the production of secondary metabolites and with potential antimicrobial activities are overrepresented in the genomes of these fungi. We speculate that, despite the reduction of several protein families, members of the domatia-associated clade might tolerate, and perhaps even metabolize, toxic compounds produced from exocrine glands of the ants as defense against microbes. In addition, in this symbiotic association, the plant and the ants could benefit from the production of secondary metabolites by the Chaetothyriales that participate in this tripartite association. We consider a new ecological classification for Chaetothyriales based on genomic features: (i) derived species with high abundance of paralogs colonizing habitats rich in polyaromatic and (ii) potential producers of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial activities, beneficial for symbiotic interactions, occupying specific micro-habitats such as ant domatia.

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“…Possibly, the genes required to deal with these toxic monoaromatic compounds have enabled management of a larger spectrum of related compounds, e.g., in creosote-treated railway sleepers [21], gasoline-polluted environments [22] or in air biofilters treating industrial exhaust gases containing volatile alkylbenzenes [23]. Decomposing cellulosic plant material is rarely inhabited by black yeasts, unless it is exceptionally rich in lipids, esters and alcohols [8] or tannins of degrading hardwood [24] and, hence, less easily accessible to common saprobes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the problematic isolation of chaetothyrialean black yeasts is due to more rapidly growing saprobic competitors in the samples, methods of selectivity and enrichment should be developed. In most common habitats, conventional culturing is not effective [8]. An oil flotation isolation technique has successfully been applied to isolate black fungi and relatives from the environment [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides the volatile substrates for growth, pH and water activity can also be adjusted for a selective enrichment of fungi. The method provided positive results from samples of natural environments as well as hydrocarbon-polluted habitats [8,10,12]. The disadvantage of this method is that it is slow and requires rather large containers (serum flasks enclosed in glass desiccators to prevent the leakage of volatile substrates) such that the number of samples that can be processed per batch is limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparison of Isolation Methods for Black Fungi Degrading Aromatic Toxins

Quan

Ende

Shi³

et al. 2019

Mycopathologia

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The prevalence of black fungi in the order Chaetothyriales has often been underestimated due to the difficulty of their isolation. In this study, three methods which are often used to isolate black fungi are compared. Enrichment on aromatic hydrocarbon appears effective in inhibiting growth of cosmopolitan microbial species and allows appearance of black fungi. We miniaturized the method for high-throughput purposes. The new procedure saves time, consumes less space and can process multiple samples simultaneously.

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Diversity of opportunistic black fungi on babassu coconut shells, a rich source of esters and hydrocarbons

Cited by 25 publications

References 45 publications

Comparative Genomic Analysis of Capsule-Producing Black Yeasts Exophiala dermatitidis and Exophiala spinifera, Potential Agents of Disseminated Mycoses

Comparative Genomic Analysis of Capsule-Producing Black Yeasts Exophiala dermatitidis and Exophiala spinifera, Potential Agents of Disseminated Mycoses

Genomic analysis of ant domatia-associated melanized fungi (Chaetothyriales, Ascomycota)

A Comparison of Isolation Methods for Black Fungi Degrading Aromatic Toxins

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