Diversity of nutrient and nutraceutical contents in the fruits and its relationship to morphological traits in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)

The Effect of Fermented Momordica charantia with Leuconostoc mesenteroides MKSR on Metabolic Complications Induced by High-Fat High-Cholesterol Diet in C57BL/6 Mice

“…Current research focuses on not only cutting back on high-calorie fat consumption, but also consuming functional nutraceutical components to prevent metabolic complications induced by high-fat diets [63,64]. The current study investigated the potential of MC as a nutraceutical candidate to modulate high-fat dietinduced metabolic complications in experimental animals [16,65]. MC was extracted using hot water to avoid the use of organic solvents, after which the extracted MC was treated with probiotics, specifically L. mesenteroides MKSR.…”

“…Charantin is a mixture of two steroidal glycosides that may enhance insulin sensitivity by increasing insulin secretion from the pancreatic beta cells [22,70], as well as sensitizing gastric glucose absorption [71] and peripheral glucose uptake [72]. However, extracting charantin from MC requires the use of organic solvents, such as methanol, ethanol, and/or chloroform, considering the lipophilic nature of charantin [65,73]. The potential use of organic solvents has raised concerns among potential customers seeking natural ingredients to prevent or mitigate metabolic complications through the supplementation of nutraceuticals [23][24][25].…”