Diversity of nitrate, oxalate, vitamin C and carotenoid contents in different spinach accessions and their correlation with various morphological traits

Wang, Xiaoli; Cai, Xiaofeng; Xu, Chengxi; Zhao, Qi; Ge, Chenhui; Dai, Shaojun; Wang, Quanhua

doi:10.1080/14620316.2017.1404438

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The total oxalate concentration levels among the 387 individual plants ranged from 682 mg/100 g FW to 2902 mg/100 g FW (Table 1). This range was similar to the range of oxalate concentrations obtained in two recent studies 19,36 . However, in other studies, lower amounts of oxalate accumulation have been reported 37,38 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

High and low oxalate content in spinach: an investigation of accumulation patterns

et al. 2021

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BACKGROUND Oxalic acid is a common antinutrient in the human diet, found in large quantities in spinach. However, spinach is highly regarded by vegetable producers because of its nutritional content and economic value. One of the primary purposes of spinach‐breeding programs is to improve the nutritional value of spinach by adjusting oxalate accumulation. Knowledge of the biosynthetic patterns of oxalic acid, and its different forms, is important for a better understanding of this process. RESULTS We found three biosynthetic patterns of accumulation and concentration of oxalates. Two of them are related to the maximum type and one is related to the minimum type. We also developed a general model of variations in these compounds in the genotypes that were studied. CONCLUSION This study introduced a unique type of spinach with high oxalate accumulation, which could be particularly suitable for consumption. This had the highest ratio of insoluble oxalate to soluble oxalate. It also accumulated more ascorbic acid (AA) than other types. Our findings in this study also indicate a small role for AA as a precursor to oxalate production in spinach, possibly confirming the significant role of glyoxylate as the most critical precursor in this plant. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

High and low oxalate content in spinach: an investigation of accumulation patterns

et al. 2021

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“…Regarding oxalate content, there were no significant differences at harvesting between the fertilizer treatments, except for the control. The values found, which ranged between 3524 and 4024 mg kg −1 FW, can be considered low according to Wang et al [39]. The nitrogen nutrient is one of the most important agronomic factors for effectively regulating the oxalate levels in plants, particularly the NH 4 + exposure significantly reduces the oxalate accumulation in the plants by inhibiting the uptake of nitrate [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of Compost Extract Addition to Different Types of Fertilizers on Quality at Harvest and Shelf Life of Spinach

Giménez

Gómez²,

Bustamante

et al. 2021

Agronomy

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Spinach is rich in minerals, vitamins, phytochemicals and bioactive compounds with health-beneficial effects; however, this plant also tends to accumulate oxalates and nitrates in their leaves. Apart from genotype, nutrition is the pre-harvest factor that mostly affects quality attributes at harvest. Particularly, the application of compost extracts (CE) may induce resistance against soil-borne diseases and favour secondary metabolism, increasing antioxidant capacity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different types of fertilization with or without the addition of CE, on harvest quality and shelf life of minimally processed spinach (Spinacia oleracea, var. Shrike RZ) stored during 12 days at 4 °C. A compost extract (CE) was prepared by mixing a compost from agri-food wastes (vine pruning, leek waste and olive mill waste) with deionized water. CE foliar applications were done from days 28 and 56 after sowing. The treatments applied were: Control; Control + CE; NPK (inorganic NPK fertilizer 15-15-15); NPK + CE; DMPP (ENTEC Nitrofoska® plus the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP)) and DMPP + CE. After harvest, spinach leaves were minimally processed and packaged to generate a passive modified atmosphere. Nitrate content in the control treatment was reduced by the addition of CE, although in the rest of the treatments, CE addition did not produce any effect. For nitrite contents, the lowest value was obtained for the Control + CE. Moreover, the oxalate content was the lowest for the control treatment with a decreasing trend throughout the storage. The treatment Control + CE also showed the highest initial total phenolic contents, with very similar values at the end of shelf life to those observed at harvest for all the treatments. The highest differences in color as regards the initial values were detected for DMPP. Microbial loads increased for all the treatments without differences between them. The atmosphere reached at the end of the cold storage was the same for all the cases, with CO2 and O2 around 10 kPa for each one of them. After 12 days at 4 °C, all the treatments were above the limit of usability, with the spinach leaves acceptable for consumption. The results found in this study indicate that the addition of CE might be convenient for obtaining spinach rich in bioactive compounds and with low concentrations of antinutritional factors, without affecting the microbial load of the final product.

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“…The chemical composition of spinach has been shown to differ significantly between cultivars, including oxalic acid, nitrate, vitamin C, lutein, carotenoid and phenolic content (Murphy and Morelock 2000;Murphy 2001;Howard et al 2002;Pandjaitan et al 2005;Solberg et al 2015;Wang et al 2018b). Although nutritional composition is known to be influenced by factors such as cultivation method and storage procedures (Lester et al 2010;Koh et al 2012), the large variation observed among cultivars indicates a genetic basis, suggesting that nutritional quality can be improved by plant breeding (Howard et al 2002); Morelock and Correll 2008;Wang et al 2018b).…”

Section: Breeding For Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on the genetic resources, domestication and breeding history of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)

et al. 2020

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This paper addresses the genetic resources, domestication and breeding history of spinach as a comprehensive review of these crop aspects is currently unavailable. It is shown that the availability of genetic resources of wild relatives belonging to the primary gene pool is currently very limited, which hampers breeding and research activities. Therefore, new collecting expeditions are clearly warranted. The domestication of spinach is discussed on the basis of its presumed migration routes and the traits that were probably involved in the domestication syndrome. Spinach is thought to have domesticated in former Persia. Migration then occurred eastwards to China and westwards to Europe, but additional genetic data are needed to reveal the most likely migration routes. Morphological changes in pistillate flowers and loss of dormancy are identified as the main traits involved in the domestication syndrome of spinach. To a large extent we could reconstruct the relationships between spinach cultivars that were developed until the 1950s, but this appeared difficult for the more recent cultivars due to intellectual property protection by breeding companies. Resistance against downy mildew has been the main breeding target in spinach. The introgression of NBS-LRR resistance genes from wild relatives is the major strategy to develop downy mildew resistant cultivars. However, the use of lossof-function alleles of susceptibility genes may provide a more durable strategy to develop resistant cultivars. So far, abiotic resistance and quality traits have received minor attention in spinach research and breeding. This is expected to change considering the potential effects of climate change on these traits.

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Diversity of nitrate, oxalate, vitamin C and carotenoid contents in different spinach accessions and their correlation with various morphological traits

Cited by 23 publications

References 29 publications

High and low oxalate content in spinach: an investigation of accumulation patterns

High and low oxalate content in spinach: an investigation of accumulation patterns

Effect of Compost Extract Addition to Different Types of Fertilizers on Quality at Harvest and Shelf Life of Spinach

A review on the genetic resources, domestication and breeding history of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)

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