Diversity of Modes of Reproduction and Sex Determination Systems in Invertebrates, and the Putative Contribution of Genetic Conflict

Picard, Marion; Vicoso, Beatriz; Bertrand, Stéphanie; Escrivà, Héctor

doi:10.3390/genes12081136

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 119 publications

(167 reference statements)

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“…The diversity of reproductive and sex-determining systems has long puzzled evolutionary biologists ( Bachtrog et al 2014 ; Pennell et al 2018 ; Picard et al 2021 ). When separate sexes are present, the development of males and females can be controlled by environmental factors or through the presence of sex-determining loci ( Beukeboom and Perrin 2014 ; Bachtrog et al 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZW sex-chromosome evolution and contagious parthenogenesis in Artemia brine shrimp

et al. 2022

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Eurasian brine shrimp (genus Artemia) have closely related sexual and asexual lineages of parthenogenetic females, which produce rare males at low frequencies. Although they are known to have ZW chromosomes, these are not well characterized, and it is unclear whether they are shared across the clade. Furthermore, the underlying genetic architecture of the transmission of asexuality, which can occur when rare males mate with closely related sexual females, is not well understood. We produced a chromosome-level assembly for the sexual Eurasian species A. sinica and characterized in detail the pair of sex chromosomes of this species. We combined this new assembly with short-read genomic data for the sexual species A. sp. Kazakhstan and several asexual lineages of A. parthenogenetica, allowing us to perform an in-depth characterization of sex-chromosome evolution across the genus. We identified a small differentiated region of the ZW pair that is shared by all sexual and asexual lineages, supporting the shared ancestry of the sex chromosomes. We also inferred that recombination suppression has spread to larger sections of the chromosome independently in the American and Eurasian lineages. Finally, we took advantage of a rare male, which we backcrossed to sexual females, to explore the genetic basis of asexuality. Our results suggest that parthenogenesis is likely partly controlled by a locus on the Z chromosome, highlighting the interplay between sex determination and asexuality.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZW sex-chromosome evolution and contagious parthenogenesis in Artemia brine shrimp

et al. 2022

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“…The reproduction of marine invertebrates demonstrates a wide range of sexual reproduction traits, which often manifests through free spawning (Ostrovsky, 2021;Picard et al, 2021). As a typical buried shellfish, the research on the molecular mechanism of C. sinensis reproduction is a key basis work for its genetic selection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gonad transcriptome analysis reveals the differences in gene expression related to sex-biased and reproduction of clam Cyclina sinensis

Liu¹,

Ni²,

Rong³

et al. 2023

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Sexual differentiation and gonad development are important biological processes for bivalve species. The clam Cyclina sinensis is an important cultured marine bivalve widely distributed along with the coastal areas of China. However, the information related to sexual determination/differentiation and gonadal development of C. sinensis almost has no reported. To study the molecular mechanisms of its sexual determination/differentiation and gonadal development, transcriptome analysis was performed in the gonad of C. sinensis, and the potential biological functions of reproduction-related gene were also investigated in this study. The results showed that 1 013 and 427 genes were differentially expressed in the ovary and testis, respectively. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs in the gonad were significantly clustered in progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, cell cycle and oocyte meiosis. Further analysis showed that 23 genes were mainly involved in sex determination/differentiation, including Dmrt1, Sox2/4/9, Foxl2, β-catenin and GATA-type zinc finger protein 1-like. Twenty key genes were mainly involved in the process of spermatogenesis, and five genes encode steroid biosynthesis and metabolism. Fifteen genes related to ovarian development were also identified in this study, such as Vitellogenin, MAM and LDL-receptor class A domain-containing protein 1 and Cell division cycle protein 20 homolog. Moreover, 50µg/L estradiol treatment significantly up-regulated the expression levels of CsVg in the ovary and hepatopancreas. These results highlight the genes involved in sexual determination/differentiation and gonadal development, which enhance our understanding for further studies of reproduction and breeding of C. sinensis and other marine bivalves.

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“…Sex determination governs whether a gonad develops into an ovary or testis (Capel 2017). In animals, the primary sex determination signal can be genetic or environmental (Picard et al 2021). Genetic sex determination systems include sex chromosomes with male (XY) or female (ZW) heterogamety, systems in which males are haploid and females are diploid, or systems in which sex is determined by dosage at one or more autosomal loci.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fact that many genes from these pathways are conserved across animals has inspired hypotheses about how sex determination mechanisms evolve (Wilkins 1995; Graham et al 2003; Herpin and Schartl 2015) and has also led to speculation about the nature of ancestral sex determination systems. This latter issue is difficult to address because most of what we know about animal sex determination comes from vertebrates, arthropods, nematodes, and a handful of other bilaterians (Kato et al 2011; Chong et al 2013; The Tree of Sex Consortium 2014; Picard et al 2021). Therefore, it is important to investigate sex determination across a broader diversity of species, especially nonbilaterians.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

XY sex determination in a cnidarian

Chen

Sanders

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Sex determination occurs across animal species, but most of our knowledge about the mechanisms of sex determination comes from only a handful of bilaterian taxa. This limits our ability to infer the evolutionary history of sex determination within animals. In this study, we generated a linkage map of the genome of the colonial cnidarian Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus and used this map to determine that this species has an XX/XY sex determination system. We delineate the pseudoautosomal and non-recombining regions of the Y chromosome and show that the latter encodes a number of genes with male gonad-specific expression. These findings establish Hydractinia as a tractable non-bilaterian model system for the study of sex determination.

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Diversity of Modes of Reproduction and Sex Determination Systems in Invertebrates, and the Putative Contribution of Genetic Conflict

Cited by 19 publications

References 119 publications

ZW sex-chromosome evolution and contagious parthenogenesis in Artemia brine shrimp

ZW sex-chromosome evolution and contagious parthenogenesis in Artemia brine shrimp

Gonad transcriptome analysis reveals the differences in gene expression related to sex-biased and reproduction of clam Cyclina sinensis

XY sex determination in a cnidarian

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