“…Recently, mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms have been widely used to estimate the gene flow and phylogenetic relationships of maternal lineages in domestic animals (e.g., Nguluma et al, 2017;Jia et al, 2017;Deng et al, 2017;Almarzook et al, 2017) and wild animals (e.g., Elsner et al, 2017;Khaire et al, 2017). The domestic yak (Bos grunniens) is a large and commercially important animal living in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of China with a high-altitude climate (Guangxin et al, 2016).…”