Diversity of macrofungi and plants in Scots pine forests along an urban pollution gradient

Tarvainen, Oili; Markkola, Anna Mari; Strömmer, Rauni

doi:10.1078/1439-1791-00156

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…6). This is consistent with early observations about the negative effects of heavy metals on the sporocarp production and species richness of ECM fungi (Rühling and Söderström 1990;Tarvainen et al 2003).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Species and functional diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees on three different sites

Rudawska

Leski

Stasińska

2011

Annals of Forest Science

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Abstract& Introduction In the present study, we describe the aboveground (epigeous sporocarps) and belowground (ectomycorrhizal root tips and their exploration types) composition of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal species on three 20-year-old Scots pine sites. & Objectives The aim of this study was to relate the composition of ECM species to history of the site, stand density and soil chemistry (pH, toxic metal content, etc.) and to show how variable site condition contribute to above-and belowground ECM community changes. & Results ECM fungi were identified by combination of morphotyping and direct sequencing of the PCR-amplified internal-transcribed spacer of n-rDNA. By identifying sporocarps and mycorrhizas, we detected a total of 54 taxa of ECM fungi: 28, 30, and 23 species at the Kórnik (control), Luboń (near the chemical plant) and Głogów (near the Copper Smelter, heavy metal influenced) sites, respectively. The sporocarp survey weakly reflected the analysis of ECM tips in terms of species composition, and largely supplemented the belowground view. Wilcoxina rehmii was the belowgrounddominating species at all three sites and was found at the highest abundance at the site established after the clear cut of poplars and with the highest tree density (Kórnik). At the Luboń site, subdominant mycorrhizas were formed by Phialophora finlandia. On the site near the Copper Smelter in Głogów, a significant shift in species composition was observed compared with the two other sites and a very large proportion of medium-fringe exploration type belonging to Atheliaceae was found. Despite the partial overlap in the nonmetric multi-dimensional scaling ordination, analysis of similarity revealed significant differences between tested sites. & Conclusion Because of the number of covarying site properties which may influence ECM communities, it is difficult, if not unfeasible, to separate the precise reasons of the distribution of ECM fungi. Continued research on the biodiversity of ECM fungi in field sites along an environmental gradient would greatly improve our understanding of the effects of ecological conditions on the functional diversity of mycorrhizal fungi.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Species and functional diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees on three different sites

Rudawska

Leski

Stasińska

2011

Annals of Forest Science

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“…fruiting at the site, suggesting that the ECM community in the experimental Weld consists of fungal species typical of disturbed soils. Additional inoculum was likely contributed by the young Scots pine stand surrounding the experimental Weld that had boreal ECM communities typical of an urban area (Tarvainen et al 2003). Seedlings were not isolated from each other despite the potential for ECM hyphal connections between them (Finlay and Read 1986).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defoliation causes parallel temporal responses in a host tree and its fungal symbionts

Saravesi

Markkola

Rautio³

et al. 2008

Oecologia

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Growth of the host and its symbiont is often closely linked and so host damage may negatively affect the symbiont. While negative effects of aboveground herbivory on belowground fungal symbionts have been reported in several woody and herbaceous plants, here we report, for the first time, on differential effects of the timing of foliar damage on ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal symbionts. The phenologies of host trees and their ECM symbionts differ; the growth of the latter mainly occurs later in the season than that of the host. By removing Scots pine foliage on three occasions during the growing season (early, middle and late season defoliation) in one, two or three successive years, we demonstrate that, despite the differences in the seasonal growth dynamics of the tree and the symbionts, ECM fungi follow the host's response patterns to defoliation. Early season defoliation was most detrimental to the host and resulted in an increased proportion of low-biomass ectomycorrhizae which are presumed to require less carbon from the host tree. This may improve the recovery of the host, as most roots remained mycorrhizal in spite of the defoliation treatments repeated in successive years.

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“…Global urbanisation has caused the loss of vast amounts of habitat and caused major modifications of the environmental conditions (Tarvainen, Markkola, & Strommer, 2003). However, little is known on whether or not these changes affect biodiversity in similar ways across the globe .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body size inequality of carabids along an urbanisation gradient

Magura¹,

Tóthmérész²,

Löveï³

2006

Basic and Applied Ecology

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SummaryAnalysis of size inequality can shed light on coexistence mechanisms and help to interpret patterns in assemblages. We tested several measures for their power to evaluate changes in carabid body size along an urbanisation gradient (city park-suburban area-rural), representing decreasing intensities of human disturbance. Carabids were collected by pitfall traps over two full activity periods in lowland oak forest patches in and near the city of Debrecen, Eastern Hungary.The average value of skewness was largest in the urban areas compared to the suburban and rural ones, indicating that small individuals were more prominent in the urban areas. The Gini coefficient also decreased from urban towards rural areas, suggesting that inequality in body size of the carabid assemblages decreased along the gradient. However, neither of these trends was significant. The Lorenz asymmetry coefficient was significantly higher in rural areas compared to suburban and urban areas indicating that there was a significant difference in inequality and/ or asymmetry of body size across the gradient. This difference was primarily due to more individuals with larger body size in rural area. We suggest that the observed variation in carabid body size along the gradient is related to habitat alteration caused by urbanisation.

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Diversity of macrofungi and plants in Scots pine forests along an urban pollution gradient

Cited by 26 publications

References 31 publications

Species and functional diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees on three different sites

Species and functional diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees on three different sites

Defoliation causes parallel temporal responses in a host tree and its fungal symbionts

Body size inequality of carabids along an urbanisation gradient

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