Diversity of locust gut bacteria protects against pathogen invasion

Dillon, Rod J.; Vennard, Christopher T.; Buckling, Angus; Charnley, A.K.

doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00828.x

Cited by 307 publications

(252 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The observations in Hydra are in line with studies in the locust Schistocerca gregaria where speciesrich bacterial communities provide better protection against pathogen invasion than species-poor communities (Dillon et al, 2005). The findings make it likely that an 'unfavorable' microbiota composition or fluctuating bacterial community composition may result in disturbed immune function of the Example of an antagonistic effect of two bacterial isolates.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Bacteria–bacteria interactions within the microbiota of the ancestral metazoan Hydra contribute to fungal resistance

et al. 2014

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Epithelial surfaces of most animals are colonized by diverse microbial communities. Although it is generally agreed that commensal bacteria can serve beneficial functions, the processes involved are poorly understood. Here we report that in the basal metazoan Hydra, ectodermal epithelial cells are covered with a multilayered glycocalyx that provides a habitat for a distinctive microbial community. Removing this epithelial microbiota results in lethal infection by the filamentous fungus Fusarium sp. Restoring the complex microbiota in gnotobiotic polyps prevents pathogen infection. Although mono-associations with distinct members of the microbiota fail to provide full protection, additive and synergistic interactions of commensal bacteria are contributing to full fungal resistance. Our results highlight the importance of resident microbiota diversity as a protective factor against pathogen infections. Besides revealing insights into the in vivo function of commensal microbes in Hydra, our findings indicate that interactions among commensal bacteria are essential to inhibit pathogen infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Bacteria–bacteria interactions within the microbiota of the ancestral metazoan Hydra contribute to fungal resistance

et al. 2014

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“…This phenomenon has been well documented in a variety of ecosystems, ranging from grassland, marine ecosystem to host-associated microbiota (Brook, 1999;Stachowicz et al, 1999;Dillon et al, 2005;Thomsen et al, 2006). The past decade has witnessed an increasing interest in studying the ecology of host-associated microbiota.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The past decade has witnessed an increasing interest in studying the ecology of host-associated microbiota. As one of the potential beneficial effects conferred by these indigenous microbial communities, colonization resistance has been implicated in protecting host against pathogens and has received great attention (Rolfe, 1997;Brook, 1999;Adlerberth et al, 2000;Fons et al, 2000;Reid et al, 2001;Guarner and Malagelada, 2003;Reid et al, 2003;Alain, 2004;Dillon et al, 2005;Falagas et al, 2008). However, due to the complexity of host-associated indigenous microbial community, it is very difficult to identify the bacterial species responsible for colonization resistance and to Figure 4 Survival of E. coli within synthetic oral communities in two-chamber assay.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been extensively documented in invertebrate-as well as vertebrate-associated commensal microbial communities (Veivers et al, 1982;Guarner and Malagelada, 2003;Dillon et al, 2005). The notion that colonization resistance could be a crucial component of host defense against pathogens and may be manipulated to the host's advantage makes it the subject of constant investigation for the past few decades (Freter, 1956;Lloyd et al, 1977;Van der Waaij and Van der Waaij, 1990;Rolfe, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The social structure of microbial community involved in colonization resistance

He¹,

McLean

Guo³

et al. 2013

The ISME Journal

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It is well established that host-associated microbial communities can interfere with the colonization and establishment of microbes of foreign origins, a phenomenon often referred to as bacterial interference or colonization resistance. However, due to the complexity of the indigenous microbiota, it has been extremely difficult to elucidate the community colonization resistance mechanisms and identify the bacterial species involved. In a recent study, we have established an in vitro mice oral microbial community (O-mix) and demonstrated its colonization resistance against an Escherichia coli strain of mice gut origin. In this study, we further analyzed the community structure of the O-mix by using a dilution/regrowth approach and identified the bacterial species involved in colonization resistance against E. coli. Our results revealed that, within the O-mix there were three different types of bacterial species forming unique social structure. They act as 'Sensor', 'Mediator' and 'Killer', respectively, and have coordinated roles in initiating the antagonistic action and preventing the integration of E. coli. The functional role of each identified bacterial species was further confirmed by E. coli-specific responsiveness of the synthetic communities composed of different combination of the identified players. The study reveals for the first time the sophisticated structural and functional organization of a colonization resistance pathway within a microbial community. Furthermore, our results emphasize the importance of 'Facilitation' or positive interactions in the development of community-level functions, such as colonization resistance.

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“…However, what protects bees against pathogens? In addition to the host's immune system, vertically transmitted microbial symbionts are sometimes suspected to play a role in insect defense against infection by viruses (7), bacteria (8), or eukaryotic parasites (9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Socially transmitted gut microbiota protect bumble bees against an intestinal parasite

Koch

Schmid‐Hempel

2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

720

702

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Populations of important pollinators, such as bumble bees and honey bees, are declining at alarming rates worldwide. Parasites are likely contributing to this phenomenon. A distinct resident community of bacteria has recently been identified in bumble bees and honey bees that is not shared with related solitary bee species. We now show that the presence of these microbiota protects bee hosts against a widespread and highly virulent natural parasite ( Crithidia bombi ) in an experimental setting. We add further support to this antagonistic relationship from patterns found in field data. For the successful establishment of these microbiota and a protective effect, exposure to feces from nest mates was needed after pupal eclosion. Transmission of beneficial gut bacteria could therefore represent an important benefit of sociality. Our results stress the importance of considering the host microbiota as an “extended immune phenotype” in addition to the host immune system itself and provide a unique perspective to understanding bees in health and disease.

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Diversity of locust gut bacteria protects against pathogen invasion

Cited by 307 publications

References 50 publications

Bacteria–bacteria interactions within the microbiota of the ancestral metazoan Hydra contribute to fungal resistance

Bacteria–bacteria interactions within the microbiota of the ancestral metazoan Hydra contribute to fungal resistance

The social structure of microbial community involved in colonization resistance

Socially transmitted gut microbiota protect bumble bees against an intestinal parasite

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