Diversity of Fungi and Mycotoxins Associated with Stored Triphala Churn and its Ingredients

Gautam, Ajay Kumar; Bhadauria, Rekha

doi:10.3923/jbs.2011.226.235

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Occurrence of Aspergillus was observed in almost all of the samples. These results were in accordance with the observations of Gautam and Bhadauria [17], which is the only report on the fungal contamination of triphala powder. Beside other isolated fungi, two species of Aspergillus, that is, A. carbonarius and A. wentii, were not reported earlier from triphala powder.…”

Section: Mycobiota Of Triphalasupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Various species of Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium are involved in the production of these toxic secondary metabolites, which have mutagenic, carcinogenic, hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, and teratogenic effects upon human and animals [16]. In earlier studies, Gautam and Bhadauria [13,14,17] have detected the aflatoxins in triphala powder samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mycobiota of Commercially Available Triphala Powder: A Well Known Dietary Supplement of Indian System of Medicine

Sharma

Gupta

Bhadauria

2014

Journal of Mycology

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Sixty samples, categorized on the basis of manufacturers, were analyzed during the study. A total of 16 fungal species, belonging to 7 different genera, were isolated from the collected samples.Aspergilluswas recorded as the most dominant genus with 9 species, namely,A. niger,A. carbonarius,A. luchuensis,A. fumigatus,A. flavus,A. nidulans,A. terreus,A. ochraceous, andA. wentii.A. nigerwas the most predominant species with frequency of occurrence of 63.33%. A large variation in fungal load and diversity was observed among the samples of different manufacturing categories. The percent moisture content and pH of samples were directly related to the extent of contamination. Samples with low pH and high moisture content were more contaminated. The higher incidence ofA. niger(74.36%) was observed among the triphala powder of all manufacturing categories. Detection of ochratoxin producing fungi in triphala powder may pose a serious risk of ochratoxin production. Thus, there is an urgent need to enforce quality standards and regulation to minimize the fungal contamination to the globally expectable limit.

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Section: Mycobiota Of Triphalasupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobiota of Commercially Available Triphala Powder: A Well Known Dietary Supplement of Indian System of Medicine

Sharma

Gupta

Bhadauria

2014

Journal of Mycology

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“…Conidia are 2). Gautam and Bhadauria [27] characterized at the molecular level the identification of mycoflora associated with Aspergillus species in samples of Triphala churn and ingredients (mixture of dry fruits of medicinal plants: Embilica officinalis, Terminalia bellirica, Terminalia chebula) and obtained the amplified product of 500, 700 and 1110 bp for A. versicolor.…”

Section: Chromatographic and Spectrometric Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of potentially mycotoxigenic fungi in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) from Nayarit

Casas-Junco

Ragazzo‐Sánchez

Ascencio‐Valle

et al. 2017

Food Sci Biotechnol

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A total of fourteen roasted coffee samples were collected from different local markets in Nayarit, Mexico. Twenty-two fungi isolates were related to the genera (54.54%) and (4.5%). The strains R16 (0.33 μg/kg), 6N (1.16 μg/kg) and 11 (0.36 μg/kg) tested positive for OTA (ochratoxin A) production in PDA, the other fungi samples were not toxigenic. According to the sequence analysis of their ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA region, fungi OTA producers correspond to , and . These three strains were able to produce OTA when inoculated in roasted coffee in concentrations ranging from 75 to 90 μg/kg, after 21 days. Different production stages of roasted coffee (crop management, postharvest practices and storage) along with environmental conditions do not ensure mycotoxigenic fungi free products. This is the first report of OTA natural occurrence in roasted coffee from Nayarit.

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“…Screening of the prevalent fungal species and mycotoxin levels in different grain samples (maize, sorghum and paddy) of southern states of India have shown presence of ten different Aspergillus species and samples having aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) levels above the allowed limit . Gautam et al . have also reported contamination of 25 stored rice samples collected from district Mandi, Himachal Pradesh of India with different fungal genera with highest frequency of Aspergillus flavus , Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of diversity and dominance of fungal biota in stored wheat grains from governmental warehouses in West Bengal, India

2019

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BACKGROUND Fungal infestation is a leading cause of qualitative and quantitative deterioration of stored wheat grains. Limited information is available on the spatial distribution of fungal biota associated with stored wheat grains in India. Fungi were isolated and characterized from nine stored wheat grain samples in three warehouses of the Food Corporation of India, located in three agro‐climatic zones (Paschim Medinipur, Bankura and Purulia) of West Bengal in India. RESULTS Maximum density and fungal diversity were observed in dichloran glycerol agar (DG‐18) medium and the number increased with the increase of storage duration. Samples collected from Purulia showed maximum fungal diversity than that from Bankura and Paschim Medinipur. A total of 284 fungal isolates were obtained, classified into 29 operational taxonomic units (based on amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis of 18S and internal transcribed spacer sequences), and identified as 24 different fungal species. The majority of fungal isolates belonged to Aspergillus flavus (35%) followed by Rhizopus oryzae (13%) and Eurotium amstelodami (9%). Aspergillopepsin O (PEPO) gene and aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway gene, nor‐1, were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from 91% and 71% of Aspergillus flavus isolates, respectively, indicating their aflatoxin producing ability. Aflatoxin production was further confirmed by ammonia vapour test, thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). CONCLUSION The presence of toxigenic fungi in stored wheat grain emphasizes the necessity of quarantine measures of stored grains before placing them in the public domain to save consumers from health hazards. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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Diversity of Fungi and Mycotoxins Associated with Stored Triphala Churn and its Ingredients

Cited by 13 publications

References 22 publications

Mycobiota of Commercially Available Triphala Powder: A Well Known Dietary Supplement of Indian System of Medicine

Mycobiota of Commercially Available Triphala Powder: A Well Known Dietary Supplement of Indian System of Medicine

Determination of potentially mycotoxigenic fungi in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) from Nayarit

Investigation of diversity and dominance of fungal biota in stored wheat grains from governmental warehouses in West Bengal, India

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