Diversity of Fibroblasts – A Review on Implications for Skin Tissue Engineering

Abstract

Enormous advances in the development of skin substitutes have occurred in the past 3 decades. Major obstacles yet to be overcome in the quest for an optimal skin substitute include controlling scar formation, contraction and the loss of adnexal structures. Mesenchyme-derived signals are essential for epithelial proliferation, skin morphogenesis, homeostasis and differentiation. Having previously shown that fibroblasts differentiate along a lineage from highly proliferative progenitor fibroblasts with characteristic spindle-shaped appearance to differentiated postmitotic polygonal fibrocytes, we have now established that the different subsets of fibroblasts exert significantly different patterns of cytokine release and that the highest levels of keratinocyte growth factor and transforming growth factor-β₁ expression result from differentiated fibroblasts. Coculture studies with keratinocytes reveal that postmitotic fibroblasts stimulate keratinocyte proliferation to a greater extent than progenitor fibroblasts. Acellular and fibroblast-seeded dermal substitutes have been shown to improve scarring and contraction in animal studies, the latter substitutes yielding the most favorable results. Fibroblasts from different body sites display different functional properties which may affect their suitability for dermal substitutes. Future in vivo human studies in tissue-engineered dermal substitutes will likely focus on fibroblast-seeded lattices and the impact of fibroblast subpopulations and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on dermal regeneration.

Development, validation and testing of a human tissue engineered hypertrophic scar model

“…Our results showed that dermal fibroblasts exhibited fewer hypertrophic scar characteristics than ASC, even though they have been reported to produce TGFβ1 and many cytokines involved in wound healing and scar formation (Nolte et al, 2008). this indicates, in line with results reported by others, that dermal fibroblasts are involved in normal wound healing, whereas ASC may be involved in adverse scar formation (van den Bogaerdt et al, 2009;van der Veen et al, 2011).…”

Akne Skarları Tedavisinde Otolog Kültüre Fibroblast Enjeksiyonu

“…Dermal fibroblastların deride birçok rolü vardır. Ekstrasellüler matriks sentezlenmesi ve depolanması, kemotaktik, mitojenik ve modulatör sitokinlerin proliferasyonu ve migrasyonu yanında fibroblastlar otokrin ve parakin etkileşimi de sağlar 1,[6][7][8] . Fibroblast, dermisin ana hücresi olup kollajen kalınlığında artış oluşturmaktadır.…”

“…Otolog kültüre fibroblastlar kozmetik anlamda ilk kez 1995 yılında kullanılmışlardır. OKF dinamik protein yenileyici sistem olarak bilinmektedir 6,8 . İnjeksiyon yapıldıktan kısa süre sonra otolog fibroblastlar özellikle yeni Tip III kollajen sentezlemektedirler.…”

“…Akne skarları içinde ice-pick olarak isimlendirilen skar tipleri bu tedaviden fayda görmemektedir. OKF tedavisi yapılan hastalardan alınan deri biopsilerinde dermisin kalınlığında ve fibroblast hacminde artışın yanında inflamasyonun gözlenmediği histopatolojik olarak saptanmıştır [6][7][8] . Bu çalışmalarda bildirilen en ciddi yan etki, Boss ve ark.…”

In vitro cellular uptake of evodiamine and rutaecarpine using a microemulsion

“…16 Dermal fibroblasts have been used extensively for a wide range of cellular and molecular studies, 17 such as those on the mechanisms underlying skin aging, [18][19][20] restoration of dermal wounds, 21 dermal radiation injury, 22 and construction of tissue-engineered skins. [23][24][25] The purpose of this study was to investigate the cellular uptake of evodiamine and rutaecarpine in a microemulsion, as compared to that in aqueous suspensions and tinctures. Mouse skin fibroblasts were cultured in vitro and the amount of cellular uptake was measured using different concentrations, different drug administration times, and different formulations (ie, microemulsion, tincture, and suspension).…”