Diversity of extracellular proteins during the transition from the ‘proto-apicomplexan’ alveolates to the apicomplexan obligate parasites

Templeton, Thomas J.; Pain, Arnab

doi:10.1017/s0031182015001213

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 110 publications

(207 reference statements)

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“…That is the case of several thrombospondin-related anonymous proteins, like TRAP, MTRAP, CTRP, TRP, and MIC2. As in T. gondii, P. falciparum and Chromerids (Templeton and Pain, 2016 ), numerous proteins with TSP1 and vWF domains were detected in both Amoebophrya strains. Proteins that contain either vWF or TSP1 domains are involved in different cell interaction-cascades.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Comparative Time-Scale Gene Expression Analysis Highlights the Infection Processes of Two Amoebophrya Strains

et al. 2018

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Understanding factors that generate, maintain, and constrain host-parasite associations is of major interest to biologists. Although little studied, many extremely virulent micro-eukaryotic parasites infecting microalgae have been reported in the marine plankton. This is the case for Amoebophrya, a diverse and highly widespread group of Syndiniales infecting and potentially controlling dinoflagellate populations. Here, we analyzed the time-scale gene expression of a complete infection cycle of two Amoebophrya strains infecting the same host (the dinoflagellate Scrippsiella acuminata), but diverging by their host range (one infecting a single host, the other infecting more than one species). Over two-thirds of genes showed two-fold differences in expression between at least two sampled stages of the Amoebophrya life cycle. Genes related to carbohydrate metabolism as well as signaling pathways involving proteases and transporters were overexpressed during the free-living stage of the parasitoid. Once inside the host, all genes related to transcription and translation pathways were actively expressed, suggesting the rapid and extensive protein translation needed following host-cell invasion. Finally, genes related to cellular division and components of the flagellum organization were overexpressed during the sporont stage. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the biological basis of the host-parasitoid interaction, we screened proteins involved in host-cell recognition, invasion, and protection against host-defense identified in model apicomplexan parasites. Very few of the genes encoding critical components of the parasitic lifestyle of apicomplexans could be unambiguously identified as highly expressed in Amoebophrya. Genes related to the oxidative stress response were identified as highly expressed in both parasitoid strains. Among them, the correlated expression of superoxide dismutase/ascorbate peroxidase in the specialist parasite was consistent with previous studies on Perkinsus marinus defense. However, this defense process could not be identified in the generalist Amoebophrya strain, suggesting the establishment of different strategies for parasite protection related to host specificity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Comparative Time-Scale Gene Expression Analysis Highlights the Infection Processes of Two Amoebophrya Strains

et al. 2018

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“…Most of these suggested mechanisms have been confirmed by transmission experiments. 26 , 27 , 30 – 33 T. cruzi and trypanosomatid infection in bats was higher for males (48.1% trypanosomatids, P < 0.005 and 7.4% T. cruzi, P = 0.104) than for females (23.8% trypanosomatids and 1.4% in T. cruzi ). This could be due to aggressive behavior during mating season that could lead to an increased risk of injury-associated infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…This T. cruzi prevalence was lower than that of an Argentinian study, which reported an 8% prevalence of T. cruzi in bats. 26 Also, a study from Bolivia reported 15.6% of bats infected with Trypanosoma genus but without detection of T. cruzi . 27 In Ecuador, an estimated prevalence of 36.5% for T. cruzi and 1.3% for T. rangeli was reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another mechanism of infection might occur when regurgitated blood is consumed by juvenile bats from infected adults. 24 , 26 In the case of non-hematophagous bats (trypanosomatids: 31.2% and 6.2% T. cruzi ), infection may be caused by multiple factors such as the ingestion of infected triatomines or other vertebrates, including other bats; vertical transmission from mother to offspring during gestation or breastfeeding; or oral infection. Most of these suggested mechanisms have been confirmed by transmission experiments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First Report of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in Salivary Gland of Bats from the Peruvian Amazon

Villena

Gómez-Puerta

Jhonston

et al. 2018

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract.In the Americas, 8 million people are infected with Chagas disease, and an additional 90 million people are at risk for infection. Little is known about the role bats play in the sylvatic transmission cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite causing Chagas disease. Here, we captured bats in the villages of Palmiche, Pachacutec, Nuevo San Martin, and Mayuriaga located in the Datem del Marañon Province in Loreto, Peru. Venous blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture or from the upper extremities, and trypanosomatids were identified by microscopy and molecularly. We collected blood samples from 121 bats on filter paper for molecular studies and 111 slides for microscopic examination of thin and thick blood smears from 16 different bat species. The prevalence of trypanosomatids in all bats species was 34.7% (42/121) and the prevalence of T. cruzi was 4.1% (5/121). In hematophagous bat species, the prevalence of trypanosomatids and T. cruzi was 36.9% (27/73) and 2.7% (2/73), respectively. In non-hematophagous bats, the prevalences of trypanosomatids and T. cruzi were 31.2% (15/48) and 6.2% (3/48), respectively. Also, we confirm the presence of T. cruzi in salivary glands of hematophagous bats Diaemus youngi. These results suggest a sylvatic cycle of trypanosomatid transmission in which bats may harbor infectious T. cruzi parasites that could be transmitted to humans via hematophagous bat bites or salivary contamination by non-hematophagous bats of vegetables consumed by humans.

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“…Both GALs and FABPs are considered to be latent antigens for vaccines or diagnosis due to their good immunogenicity. For instance, a 14.5-kDa FABP of Fasciola gigantica has been used as a diagnostic antigen for human fascioliasis [ 19 – 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty-binding protein and galectin of Baylisascaris schroederi: Prokaryotic expression and preliminary evaluation of serodiagnostic potential

Sun

Liu

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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Baylisascaris schroederi is a common parasite of captive giant pandas. The diagnosis of this ascariasis is normally carried out by a sedimentation-floatation method or PCR to detect eggs in feces, but neither method is suitable for early diagnosis. Fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) and galectin (GAL) exist in various animals and participate in important biology of parasites. Because of their good immunogenicity, they are seen as potential antigens for the diagnosis of parasitic diseases. In this study, we cloned and expressed recombinant FABP and GAL from B. schroederi (rBs-FABP and rBs-GAL) and developed indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to evaluate their potential for diagnosing ascariasis in giant pandas. Immunolocalization showed that Bs-FABP and Bs-GAL were widely distributed in adult worms. The ELISA based on rBs-FABP showed sensitivity of 95.8% (23/24) and specificity of 100% (12/12), and that based on rBs-GAL had sensitivity of 91.7% (22/24) and specificity of 100% (12/12).

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Diversity of extracellular proteins during the transition from the ‘proto-apicomplexan’ alveolates to the apicomplexan obligate parasites

Cited by 25 publications

References 110 publications

Comparative Time-Scale Gene Expression Analysis Highlights the Infection Processes of Two Amoebophrya Strains

Comparative Time-Scale Gene Expression Analysis Highlights the Infection Processes of Two Amoebophrya Strains

First Report of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in Salivary Gland of Bats from the Peruvian Amazon

Fatty-binding protein and galectin of Baylisascaris schroederi: Prokaryotic expression and preliminary evaluation of serodiagnostic potential

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