Diversity of Bugulidae (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) colonizing artificial substrates in the Madeira Archipelago (NE Atlantic Ocean)

Three non-indigenous species from Madeira harbors, including a new species of Parasmittina (Bryozoa)

“…Currently, most shipping can be attributed to tourist cruise ships and sailing yachts visiting for refuel and rest stops from different parts of the world (APRAM 2014). Furthermore, recent findings by Ramalhosa et al (2016) have shown that dry dock inspections on local and foreign recreational vessels support the hypothesis from other studies, that emphasize hull fouling as the key introduction vector that contribute to the arrival and spread of NIS to neighbouring islands. Moreover, the genus Parasmittina is a very specious genus with currently 122 known species (Bock 2015a;WoRMS 2015) and 17 fossil species.…”

“…Knowledge of the Madeira marine invertebrate fauna is scarce and in the case of bryozoans, very limited (Busk 1858a(Busk , b, 1859(Busk , 1860(Busk , 1861Hincks 1880;Johnson 1897;Waters 1899;Norman 1909). However, in recent years, monitoring surveys for non-indigenous species in the archipelago has resulted in new records and undescribed species in the islands (d 'Hondt 1985;Alves and Cocito 2002;Berning and Kukliński 2008;Wirtz and Canning-Clode 2009;Berning 2012;Souto et al 2014Souto et al , 2015Ramalhosa et al 2016). Nevertheless, the lack of a comprehensive checklist of bryozoans in Madeira makes the detection and dating of new anthropogenic introductions a complex challenge.…”

“…Here, three species of bryozoans are added to the nine other non-indigenous bryozoan species known from the Madeira archipelago (Wirtz and Canning-Clode 2009;Canning-Clode et al 2013a;Ramalhosa et al 2016). Currently, the xenodiversity in Madeira Island is probably underestimated, and therefore this number is likely to increase in the next years.…”

“…The knowledge about bryozoans from Madeira Island is far from complete, but several papers record approximately 150 species from this phylum in this area. The first papers about bryozoans from these islands date back to the end of the past century (Busk 1858a(Busk , b, 1859(Busk , 1860(Busk , 1861Hincks 1880;Johnson 1897;Waters 1899;Norman 1909) but in recent years new records, including undescribed species and NIS, have been added (d 'Hondt 1985;Alves and Cocito 2002;Berning and Kukliński 2008;Wirtz and Canning-Clode 2009;Berning 2012;Souto et al 2014Souto et al , 2015Ramalhosa et al 2016). In the present paper, we describe one new species and two new records of Bryozoa collected from artificial settlement plates as part of an ongoing monitoring survey of NIS conducted in several marinas in the Madeira Archipelago.…”

Variability in the settlement of non-indigenous species in benthic communities from an oceanic island

“…Today, most of Madeira's maritime traffic comes from tourist cruise ships and yachts for re-fuelling, and tourism [39]. The number of NIS detections in the archipelago has been increasing in recent years due to ongoing monitoring surveys and biodiversity assessments around the Madeira island system [40][41][42]. These recent studies suggest that most NIS arriving in Madeira are likely from other European ports, particularly in the Mediterranean and Northern Europe, and are conveyed by secondary or tertiary introduction vectors [19,43].…”