Diversity of Blastocystis subtypes in dogs in different geographical settings

Wang, Wenqi; Cuttell, Leigh; Bielefeldt‐Ohmann, Helle; Inpankaew, Tawin; Owen, Helen; Traub, Rebecca J.

doi:10.1186/1756-3305-6-215

Cited by 61 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…For control testing of extracted DNA, all samples without amplification were tested using universal primers (forward: 18SEUDIR 5′-TCTGCCCTAA CTACTTTCGATGG-3′ and reverse: 18SEUINV 5′-TAATTTGGCCTGCGCCTG-3′) that amplify a 140-bp region of the eukaryotic 18S ribosomal RNA gene, as described by Wang et al (2013).…”

Section: Positive Controlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Blastocystis subtypes in clinical stool samples from Sao Paulo City, Brazil

et al. 2017

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S U M M A R YBlastocystis sp. is a protozoan commonly found in human and animal stool samples. Several pathogenic and zoonotic aspects of this organism are still unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate Blastocystis subtypes (STs) in samples from patients of the Hospital das Clínicas of the Faculdade de Medicina at the Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), Brazil. Blastocystis sp.-positive stool samples diagnosed at the Section of Parasitology of the Central Laboratory (HC-FMUSP) were used for DNA isolation. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using specific primers targeting the small-subunit rRNA gene. Direct DNA sequencing of the PCR products was performed and the DNA sequences were then aligned and compared with other sequences obtained from the GenBank database. Phylogenetic analysis was used to identify STs and determine the phylogenetic relationships between the sequences. Four STs were identified: ST1 (22·5%), ST2 (12·5%), ST3 (60%) and ST6 (5%). In conclusion, ST3 was the most prevalent ST among the human isolates followed by ST1. The present study is one of the few providing STs data from the human population in South America. Determining ST prevalence in human samples may contribute to the monitoring of Blastocystis sp. infection transmission in endemic regions.

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Section: Positive Controlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Blastocystis subtypes in clinical stool samples from Sao Paulo City, Brazil

et al. 2017

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“…Recently in Western Australia, A. ceylanicum infection was reported in two individuals with no history of travel, representing the first autothonous cases in Australia (Koehler et al, 2013). This hookworm is of particular significance as it is the only one to produce patent infections in humans and is estimated to infect up to 100 million people (reviewed by Traub, 2013).…”

Section: Hookwormmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Samples were tested using universal primers 18SEUDIR 5'-TCTGCCCTATCAACTTTCGATGG-3' and 18SEUINV 5'-TAATTTGCGCGCCTGCTG-3' for amplification of 140 bp fragment of the nuclear 18S gene from eukaryotic DNA (Fajardo et al, 2008). The annealing temperature was modified to 60 C (Wang et al, 2013). …”

Section: Polymerase Chain Reaction (Pcr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, risk factors, and geographical distribution of zoonotic pathogens carried by peri-urban wild dogs

Harriott¹

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Established wildlife populations within peri-urban and urban environments provide an opportunity for the spread of zoonotic pathogens to and from human-associated environments. Wild dogs, including dingoes (Canis lupus dingo), feral domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), and their cross breeds (hybrids) are common across the Australian mainland, and hybrid populations are particularly frequent within peri-urban environments. Previous studies have shown that wild dogs carry zoonotic pathogens of public health significance, however, data relating to peri-urban wild dogs has been limited to a few studies with a small geographical range and / or small sample size.To address the potential public health implications of peri-urban wild dogs, information regarding pathogen diversity, prevalence, risk factors and geographical distribution are required.To investigate the diversity and prevalence of zoonotic pathogens in peri-urban wild dogs, a cross sectional survey was undertaken. Utilising council management programs and private trappers, 201 wild dogs were collected for necropsy. Analysis of faecal and blood samples indicated that helminth parasites were common, detected within 79.6  5.4 % of wild dogs tested, however bacterial pathogens were much less prevalent. Echinococcus granulosus was the most prevalent parasite detected by necropsy, (prevalence 50.7  6.9 %). Hookworms were found to comprise the second most common pathogen of zoonotic significance with an overall prevalence of 28.8% ( 7.1%).Molecular characterisation identified the majority as Ancylostoma caninum. Several pathogens of zoonotic interest were not detected during the study, namely Brucella suis and Neospora caninum.This study provided essential baseline data on the prevalence of pathogens carried by peri-urban wild dog populations in north-eastern Australia, which is required to inform the management of wild dogs in peri-urban areas.Characteristics of the most prevalent parasitic pathogens and their lifecycles suggested possible associations between the diet composition of wild dogs and their infection status. Whole stomachs were collected during necropsy and analysed for dietary composition and biomass. The majority of food items detected were mammalian prey species, most commonly: swamp wallaby (20.6  6.08%); canine species (prey) (10.6  4.62%); eastern grey kangaroo (10.0  4.51 %); and deer species (10.0  4.51%). Wild dogs that consumed swamp wallaby (OR 1.79, p<0.05) or unidentified species of macropods (OR 4.18, p<0.01) were found to be significantly more likely to be infected with E. granulosus than dogs who had consumed non-macropod species. Wild dogs that had consumed various bird (OR 7.80, p<0.01) or bandicoot species (OR 3.09, p<0.01) were found to be significantly more likely to be infected with hookworm compared to dogs that had consumed ii macropods. These findings suggest that diet composition is an important contributing factor to the infection status of wild dogs.To explore the geographical distribution of pathogens a...

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“…In particular, a recent study has shown a very low prevalence of Blastocystis in dogs from Australian pounds and Cambodian rural villages (2.3-1.3%), although a higher prevalence was reported in stray city dogs from India (24%) (Wang et al 2013) ST's observed in dogs varied widely.These findings suggest that dogs, at least in Australia, are not an important reservoir for infection for humans. Rodents do commonly carry ST4 and these animals are a potential reservoir of Blastocystis infection, although ST4 is a minor contributor to…”

Section: Zoonotic Potentialmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Blastocystis has been reported to be as high as 71% in dogs and 67% in cats in Brisbane (Duda et al 1998), although a later study has suggested that dogs are not a natural host and likely carry the parasite only when they have extensive contact with other reservoir hosts (Wang et al 2013). …”

Section: Zoonotic Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Blastocystis species clinically relevant to humans?

Nagel¹

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ii Seventeen different subtypes of Blastocystis based on the 18S subunit of ribosomal DNA have been described. Using subtyping techniques, the human and animal household contacts of 11 symptomatic Blastocystis-positive patients were studied. All household contacts were found to be positive for Blastocystis spp. The specific subtypes within households had high similarity with the symptomatic patients (94% in human and 88% in animal contacts). Although 18S rDNA subtyping was not sufficient to discriminate genetically identical organisms, the ST findings suggest that intra-household transmission of Blastocystis is almost universal.IBS is a common, heterogeneous condition with no objective biomarker. We studied eradication rates of Blastocystis following administration of different antimicrobial drug regimes. Currently recommended first line therapy for eradication, metronidazole 400 mg three times daily or sulfamethozazole/trimethoprim 160/80mg were administered to 11 symptomatic patients for 14 days. No patient was negative for Blastocystis carriage after therapy with either drug. In a later study 10 diarrhoea-predominant IBS Blastocystispositive patients were given 14 days of triple antimicrobial therapy, namely diloxanide furoate 500mg and secnidazole 400 mg three times daily, and trimethoprimiv sulfamethoxazole 160/80 mg twice daily, with 60% of the patients eradicating the organism. Characteristic changes in the FM profile of IBS patients at a phylum and genus level were observed. However, when the subgroups were analysed there were significant changes seen at different taxonomic levels between the Blastocystis positive and negative IBS groups. The lower serum IgA level present in Blastocystis carriers was hypothesised to result in changes in the FM that enable Blastocystis to flourish with increased epithelial cell contact. Other previously described host factors, such as cytokine polymorphisms in IBS patients that increase IL-8 production and decrease IL-10, may select subjects for immune activation and symptom development. It is not certain if particularIn summary, Blastocystis spp. remain enigmatic organisms that are difficult to clear from our gastrointestinal tracts. Subtyping has increased our epidemiological understanding and infection within households is almost universal. Host immune v responses and FM are significantly different in Blastocystis-positive IBS patients suggesting that this organism may contribute to IBS in some subjects.vi

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Diversity of Blastocystis subtypes in dogs in different geographical settings

Cited by 61 publications

References 22 publications

Identification of Blastocystis subtypes in clinical stool samples from Sao Paulo City, Brazil

Identification of Blastocystis subtypes in clinical stool samples from Sao Paulo City, Brazil

Prevalence, risk factors, and geographical distribution of zoonotic pathogens carried by peri-urban wild dogs

Are Blastocystis species clinically relevant to humans?

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