Diversity of Biodeteriorative Bacterial and Fungal Consortia in Winter and Summer on Historical Sandstone of the Northern Pergola, Museum of King John III’s Palace at Wilanow, Poland

Abstract

The aim of the presented investigation was to describe seasonal changes of microbial community composition in situ in different biocenoses on historical sandstone of the Northern Pergola in the Museum of King John III’s Palace at Wilanow (Poland). The microbial biodiversity was analyzed by the application of Illumina-based next-generation sequencing methods. The metabarcoding analysis allowed for detecting lichenized fungi taxa with the clear domination of two genera: Lecania and Rhinocladiella. It was also observed that, during winter, the richness of fungal communities increased in the biocenoses dominated by lichens and mosses. The metabarcoding analysis showed 34 bacterial genera, with a clear domination of Sphingomonas spp. across almost all biocenoses. Acidophilic bacteria from Acidobacteriaceae and Acetobacteraceae families were also identified, and the results showed that a significant number of bacterial strains isolated during the summer displayed the ability to acidification in contrast to strains isolated in winter, when a large number of isolates displayed alkalizing activity. Other bacteria capable of nitrogen fixation and hydrocarbon utilization (including aromatic hydrocarbons) as well as halophilic microorganisms were also found. The diversity of organisms in the biofilm ensures its stability throughout the year despite the differences recorded between winter and summer.

Biopreservation of Fresh Sardines (Sardina pilchardus) Using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum OV50 Isolated from Traditional Algerian Green Olives Preparations

“…Interestingly, OV50 induced a significant decrease in pH, allowing for proper storage of fresh sardines. The increase in pH in the control group could be due to the growth of alkalinizing bacteria and the formation of basic nitrogenous substances [65][66][67]. There are apparently no pH recommendations for fish products [66].…”

Influence of climatic factors on cyanobacteria and green algae development on building surface

“…Moreover, bacteria present on building surface are common to microbial community observed on limestone around the world [ 30 , 31 ]. Genera Truepera and Rubellimicrobium have been observed and are known to be alkanophilic and largely present on limestone surface [ 32 ].…”

The Susceptibility to Biodegradation of Some Consolidants Used in the Restoration of Mural Paintings

“…As a result, the biodeterioration process becomes visible through aesthetic and structural changes. Microbial colonization and deterioration processes are enhanced by a wide range of abiotic factors, such as humidity, temperature, nutrients and the chemical composition of the air [6][7][8].…”