Diversity of Beet curly top Iran virus isolated from different hosts in Iran

Abstract

Beet curly top Iran virus (BCTIV) is a major pathogen of sugar beet in Iran. In order to study diversity of BCTIV, we sampled 68 plants in Iran during the summer of 2010 with curly top disease symptoms on beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata), tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.), sea beets (Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima), and sugar beets (Beta vulgaris). Plant samples showing leaf curling, yellowing, and/or swelling of veins on the lower leaf surfaces were collected from various fields in Khorasan Razavi, Northern Khorasan (north-eastern Iran), East Azarbayejan, West Azarbayejan (north-western Iran), and Fars (southern Iran) provinces. Using rolling circle amplification coupled with restriction digests, cloning, and Sanger sequencing, we determined the genomes of nine new BCTIV isolates from bean, cowpea, tomato, sea beet, and sugar beet in Iran. Our analysis reveals ~11 % diversity amongst BCTIV isolates and we detect evidence of recombination within these genomes.

Beet curly top virus Strains Associated with Sugar Beet in Idaho, Oregon, and a Western U.S. Collection

“…Viruses in the genus Becurtovirus also infect sugar beet and cause curly top symptoms. These viruses include both Beet curly top Iran virus and Spinach curly top Arizona virus (Gharouni Kardani et al 2013;Hernández-Zepeda et al 2013;Heydarnejad et al 2007Heydarnejad et al , 2013Soleimani et al 2013, Varsani et al 2014b, Yazdi et al 2008.…”

“…Whole-genome sequencing (GenBank accessions KT276895 to KT276920 and KX867015 to KX867057) with overlapping primers found that the Wor-like strains included Wor, Colorado and a previously undescribed strain designated Kimberly1. Results confirm a shift from Svr being one of the dominant BCTV strains in commercial sugar beet fields in 2006 to 2007 to becoming undetectable at times during recent years.Beet curly top virus (BCTV) in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is an important yield-limiting disease problem in semiarid production areas of the western United States and in Middle Eastern countries (Bennett 1971;Gharouni Kardani et al 2013;Harveson 2015;Stenger and McMahon 1997;Strausbaugh et al 2008;Yazdi et al 2008). BCTV is transmitted in a persistent circulative manner by the beet leafhopper, Circulifer tenellus Baker (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), and can infect over 300 dicotyledonous plant species (Bennett 1971).…”

“…Viruses in the genus Becurtovirus also infect sugar beet and cause curly top symptoms. These viruses include both Beet curly top Iran virus and Spinach curly top Arizona virus (Gharouni Kardani et al 2013;Hernández-Zepeda et al 2013;Heydarnejad et al 2007Heydarnejad et al , 2013Soleimani et al 2013, Varsani et al 2014b, Yazdi et al 2008.BCTV almost eliminated sugar beet production in the western United States in the 1920s and early 1930s until resistant cultivars were developed (Bennett 1971;Panella et al 2014). Resistant cultivars remain an important control measure; however, most commercial cultivars only contain low to moderate levels of resistance, because the resistance is thought to be quantitatively inherited and is difficult to maintain in parental lines used to create commercial hybrids Kaffka et al 2002;Panella et al 2014;Strausbaugh et al 2007).…”

“…Beet curly top virus (BCTV) in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is an important yield-limiting disease problem in semiarid production areas of the western United States and in Middle Eastern countries (Bennett 1971;Gharouni Kardani et al 2013;Harveson 2015;Stenger and McMahon 1997;Strausbaugh et al 2008;Yazdi et al 2008). BCTV is transmitted in a persistent circulative manner by the beet leafhopper, Circulifer tenellus Baker (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), and can infect over 300 dicotyledonous plant species (Bennett 1971).…”

Control of Curly Top in Sugar Beet with Seed and Foliar Insecticides

“…In the western United States, curly top in sugar beet can be attributed to any of three Curtovirus spp.-Beet severe curly top virus (BSCTV; formerly strain CFH), Beet mild curly top virus (BMCTV; formerly strain Worland), and Beet curly top virus (BCTV; formerly strain Cal/Logan)-although sugar beet production areas outside the United States have been shown to possess additional strains or species (8,22,29,33). Finding more than one of these three species in a commercial sugar beet plant is not unusual (29).…”