Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Different Salinity of Mangrove Ecosystem of Odisha, India

Abstract

A study was carried out to assess the species diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in different salinity zones of Bhitarkanika mangroves of Orissa, India. Sixteen sites of Bhitarkanika mangrove areas were surveyed for the collection of roots and soil samples. Seedlings of mangrove species were tested for AM colonization through root clearing and staining technique. Soil samples were treated separately for the mineral analysis through wet oxidation techniques and spore multiplication by pot culture methods. Wet sieving and decantation technique was followed for the isolation of AM spores from soil. AM spores were identified on the basis of morphological characteristics by following the INVAM manual. The physio-chemical analysis of soil indicated its deficiency in phosphorus which decreases (9.47Kg/ha) with increase in salinity. The genus Glomus is most dominant and has presence across all saline zones. A total of 45 AM species belonging to five genera namely, Glomus, Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Scutellospora and Enterophospora were recorded from three salinity zones of Bhitarkanika mangrove ecosystem. The soils of lower salinity contained maximum number of AM species (21nos.) than the high salinity zones (9 nos.). The decreased number of AM species in high salinity may be due to low phosphorus content and lack of suitable host plant also. Among eighteen mangrove species from different salinity zones analyzed for mycorrhizal colonization in their root system, Sonneratia apetala, Heritiera fomes, Excoecaria agallocha, Derris heterophylla, Bruguiera gynmorrhiza, Avicennia officinalis, Aglaia cucullata, and Aegiceras corniculatum were found to be mycorrhizal. This is first report on diversity of AM species in different salinity zones of Bhitarkanika mangroves of Orissa, India.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal association in Conocarpus erectus (Combretaceae) in mangroves from Yucatán, México

“…This coincides with that suggested by Xu et al (2016), who state that many of the AMF propagules in the wetlands are transported by water and can remain in the soil after the flooding has subsided. A total of 17 AMF species were found in the rhizosphere of C. erectus, which coincides with the values of richness often found in mangrove vegetation, ranging from 5 to 45 species (Kothamasi et al 2006, Gupta et al 2016, depending on the sampling area.…”

“…Acaulospora scrobiculata, Funneliformis geosporum, Claroideoglomus etunicatum and Glomus rubiforme were present in the rhizosphere of C. erectus of all the three sites (lower, medium and higher salinity) and have been reported in other mangrove (Kumar & Ghose 2008, Wang et al 2010, D'Souza & Rodrigues 2013a, b, Xie et al 2014, Gupta et al 2016) and "semi-mangrove" ecosystems. According to Chagnon et al (2013), these species could present ruderal (Glomeraceae) and stress resistance (Acaulosporaceae) strategies.…”

“…According to Chagnon et al (2013), these species could present ruderal (Glomeraceae) and stress resistance (Acaulosporaceae) strategies. Gupta et al (2016) state that the presence of F. geosporum in zones of high salinity could indicate that it is adapted to such conditions. Arbuscular mycorrhizal communities within a host can change significantly over various seasons, being the primary driver of local adaptation of AM fungal species the edaphic factors (D'Souza 2016).…”

“…Despite the fact that elevated salinity and flooding can be detrimental to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) development (Juniper & Abbott 1993, Juniper & Abbott 2006, Le Tacon et al 1983, mangrove plants present arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in their roots (Lingan et al 1999, Kumar & Ghose 2008, D'Souza & Rodrigues 2013b, Hu et al 2015, Sengupta & Chaudhuri 2002, Wang et al 2014, Gupta et al 2016 and some assays have shown that the plants that establish in these ecosystems receive nutritional benefits (increased absorption of phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium; Wang et al 2011, Xie et al 2014, Dsouza & Rodrigues 2017 when associated with AMF. This suggest that not only are the AMF present in mangrove ecosystems, but also are effective symbionts for the species that establish there, where they likely perform as important a function as they do in terrestrial ecosystems (Ramírez-Viga et al 2018).…”

Diverse Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Communities Colonize Plants Inhabiting a Constructed Wetland for Wastewater Treatment

“…Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are an important group of soil microorganisms that form symbiotic associations with 80% of vascular plant species [1]. Despite their high prevalence in the roots of terrestrial plants, in the last decades, several studies have also demonstrated that AMF occurrence in wetland habitats is widespread, including salt marshes [2] and mangroves [3,4]. According to the review published by Xu et al [5], mycorrhizal colonization has been found in 99 families of wetland plants, and their role on the composition and diversity of wetland plant communities in some cases have been demonstrated.…”