Diversity of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia/Neoehrlichia Agents in Terrestrial Wild Carnivores Worldwide: Implications for Human and Domestic Animal Health and Wildlife Conservation

André, Marcos Rogério

doi:10.3389/fvets.2018.00293

Cited by 68 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 130 publications

(265 reference statements)

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“…For example, studying Anaplasma spp. infections in different carnivore or ungulate species taking into account their phylogeny, geographic overlap, and tick associations could provide information about spillover potential to humans and domestic animals (Dugat et al, 2015;André, 2018). Investigating multitrophic interactions would also help to understand the processes behind the segregation of Borrelia genospecies among vertebrate hosts (Estrada-Peña et al, 2016).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host Phylogeny, Geographic Overlap, and Roost Sharing Shape Parasite Communities in European Bats

et al. 2019

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How multitrophic relationships between wildlife communities and their ectoparasitic vectors interact to shape the diversity of vector-borne microorganisms is poorly understood. Nested levels of dependence among microbes, vectors, and vertebrate hosts may have complicated effects on both microbial community assembly and evolution. We examined Bartonella sequences from European bats and their ectoparasites with a combination of network analysis, Bayesian phylogenetics, tipassociation and cophylogeny tests, and linear regression to understand the ecological and evolutionary processes that shape parasite communities. We detected seven batectoparasite-Bartonella communities that can be differentiated based on bat families and roosting patterns. Tips of the Bartonella tree were significantly clustered by host taxonomy and geography. We also found significant evidence of evolutionary congruence between bat host and Bartonella phylogenies, indicating that bacterial species have evolved to infect related bat species. Exploring these ecological and evolutionary associations further, we found that sharing of Bartonella species among bat hosts was strongly associated with host phylogenetic distance and roost sharing and less strongly with geographic range overlap. Ectoparasite sharing between hosts was strongly predicted by host phylogenetic distance, roost sharing, and geographic overlap but had no additive effect on Bartonella sharing. Finally, historical Bartonella host-switching was more frequent for closely related bats after accounting for sampling bias among bat species. This study helps to disentangle the complex ecology and evolution of Bartonella bacteria in bat species and their arthropod vectors. Our work provides insight into the important mechanisms that partition parasite communities among hosts, particularly the effect of host phylogeny and roost sharing, and could help to elucidate the evolutionary patterns of other diverse vector-borne microorganisms.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host Phylogeny, Geographic Overlap, and Roost Sharing Shape Parasite Communities in European Bats

et al. 2019

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“… Tunisia: Rhipicephalus ( annulatus, bursa , sanguineus, turanicus ) , Hyalomma ( dromedarii , excavatum , marginatum, scupense ) , Haemaphysalis ( sulcata , punctata ) , Ixodes ricinus Algeria: Rhipicephalus ( sanguineus, turanicus ) , Hyalomma ( dromedarii , excavatum , impeltatum , lusitanicum , marginatum, scupense ) , Haemaphysalis ( sulcata ) , Ixodes ricinus Egypt: Rhipicephalus ( annulatus , sanguineus ) , Hyalomma ( anatolicum , dromedarii , excavatum ) ( Estrada-Peña et al, 2004 ; Walker et al, 2003 ) Which animal species do ticks infest? Livestock (cattle, sheep, goats, horses, dromedaries), dogs Wild animals (lizards, birds, small mammals, large mammals) ( Colebrook and Wall, 2004 ) ( André, 2018 ) How do animals get ticks? From contact with infested animals From soil during grazing From infested barns ( Estrada-Peña and de la Fuente, 2014 ) What is (are) the pathogenic role of ticks?…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge and perception on ticks and tick-borne diseases among veterinary medicine students from the North African countries of Algeria, Egypt, and Tunisia

Khbou¹,

Ayadi

AL-Hosary

et al. 2020

Parasite Epidemiology and Control

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Ticks are important vectors of both animal and human pathogens. The epidemiology of tick-borne diseases (TBDs) has dramatically changed in several regions in the world. As parasitology is a continuously growing field, assessing the knowledge of veterinary medicine students provides useful indicators and information on the level of intervention required to adapt parasitological courses to meet the demands in a changing world. This study aimed to assess, in three North African veterinary education establishments, the basic parasitology knowledge of veterinary medicine students. Such a study is essential to build up core competencies regarding ticks and TBDs, and to suggest suitable adjustment measures to parasitology courses. The present study was based on a self-administered and anonymous questionnaire on ticks and TBDs basic knowledge and perception. The survey was completed by 558 veterinary medicine students in Algeria, Egypt, and Tunisia in 2018. The students were divided into two groups: the “before” group – students who had not yet completed the parasitology course, and the “after” group – students who had already completed it. In all studied countries, the “after” students' group gave significantly more correct answers (83.16%) than the “before” students' group (16.84%) ( p < 0.001). Similarly, the percentage of “no answer” was higher in the “before” students' group (51.02%) compared to the “after” students' group (48.98%) ( p < 0.001). The most frequent false answers provided by the “after” students' group regarded the number of tick species present in their own countries (5.14% of correct answers), and the most common tick species in their countries (18.11% of correct answers). Almost 58.38% (216/370) of the “after” students' group knew that ticks transmit zoonotic pathogens to humans; among them, only 63 (29.17%) gave the correct names of the zoonotic diseases in their country. Among the three countries, more than 80% of the “after” students' group thought that climate has an influences on ticks. According to this group, the most frequent factor that has influences on ticks' abundance is heat (53.02%). As North African countries share several similitudes, we suggest creating a network of parasitological teachers where common teaching sources and resources could be developed for both teachers and students in the region. This network would allow the exchange of teaching approaches and materials to introduce harmonization into veterinary parasitological courses across North African countries. This is particularly important when considering the increasing incidence of ticks and TBDs in the region.

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“…Anaplasma phagocytophilum is the etiological agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), and tick-borne fever in domesticated animals [11–13]. Although a wide range of wildlife species can be infected with A. phagocytophilum , the impact of these infections on wildlife health is unclear [14]. The main vectors of A. phagocytophilum are ticks of the Ixodes ricinus complex: Ixodes ricinus in Europe, Ixodes persulcatus in eastern Europe and East Asia, and Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus in North America, although several other Ixodes species have been implicated in maintaining A. phagocytophilum in enzootic cycles as well [12, 13, 15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaplasma phagocytophilum evolves in geographical and biotic niches of vertebrates and ticks

et al. 2019

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Background Anaplasma phagocytophilum is currently regarded as a single species. However, molecular studies indicate that it can be subdivided into ecotypes, each with distinct but overlapping transmission cycle. Here, we evaluate the interactions between and within clusters of haplotypes of the bacterium isolated from vertebrates and ticks, using phylogenetic and network-based methods. Methods The presence of A. phagocytophilum DNA was determined in ticks and vertebrate tissue samples. A fragment of the groEl gene was amplified and sequenced from qPCR-positive lysates. Additional groEl sequences from ticks and vertebrate reservoirs were obtained from GenBank and through literature searches, resulting in a dataset consisting of 1623 A. phagocytophilum field isolates. Phylogenetic analyses were used to infer clusters of haplotypes and to assess phylogenetic clustering of A. phagocytophilum in vertebrates or ticks. Network-based methods were used to resolve host-vector interactions and their relative importance in the segregating communities of haplotypes. Results Phylogenetic analyses resulted in 199 haplotypes within eight network-derived clusters, which were allocated to four ecotypes. The interactions of haplotypes between ticks, vertebrates and geographical origin, were visualized and quantified from networks. A high number of haplotypes were recorded in the tick Ixodes ricinus . Communities of A. phagocytophilum recorded from Korea, Japan, Far Eastern Russia, as well as those associated with rodents had no links with the larger set of isolates associated with I. ricinus , suggesting different evolutionary pressures. Rodents appeared to have a range of haplotypes associated with either Ixodes trianguliceps or Ixodes persulcatus and Ixodes pavlovskyi . Haplotypes found in rodents in Russia had low similarities with those recorded in rodents in other regions and shaped separate communities. Conclusions The groEl gene fragment of A. phagocytophilum provides information about spatial segregation and associations of haplotypes to particular vector-host interactions. Further research is needed to understand the circulation of this bacterium in the gap between Europe and Asia before the overview of the speciation features of this bacterium is complete. Environmental traits may also play a role in the evolution of A. phagocytophilum in ecotypes through yet unknown relationships. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-019-3583-8) contains supplementary materi...

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Diversity of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia/Neoehrlichia Agents in Terrestrial Wild Carnivores Worldwide: Implications for Human and Domestic Animal Health and Wildlife Conservation

Cited by 68 publications

References 130 publications

Host Phylogeny, Geographic Overlap, and Roost Sharing Shape Parasite Communities in European Bats

Host Phylogeny, Geographic Overlap, and Roost Sharing Shape Parasite Communities in European Bats

Knowledge and perception on ticks and tick-borne diseases among veterinary medicine students from the North African countries of Algeria, Egypt, and Tunisia

Anaplasma phagocytophilum evolves in geographical and biotic niches of vertebrates and ticks

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