Diversity of Agromyzidae (Diptera) in disjunct grasslands of the southern Yukon Territory

Boucher, Stéphanie; Wheeler, Terry A.

doi:10.4039/ent133593-5

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…We found only eight agromyzid species in the Canberra region of Australia, which is a low species richness relative to results from surveys of both northern and southern hemisphere temperate regions (Scheirs et al. 1995; 1996; 1999; Salvo & Valladares 1999; Boucher & Wheeler 2001; SJ Scheffer in prep. 2007).…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 78%

Plant hosts and parasitoid associations of leaf mining flies (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in the Canberra region of Australia

Lambkin

Fayed

Manchester

et al. 2008

Australian Journal of Entomology

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Many leaf mining flies (Diptera: Agromyzidae) are important economic pests of agricultural crops and ornamental plants, and species-rich hymenopteran parasitoid complexes are important in their control. Australian agromyzids are poorly studied, and little is known about their host plants, ecology or natural enemies. We surveyed native and naturalised species of leaf mining flies in Tallaganda National Park, New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory. Malaise and emergence trapping in Tallaganda yielded 70 agromyzid specimens from six species in four genera: Cerodontha Rondani, Liriomyza Mik, Phytoliriomyza Hendel and Phytomyza Fallen. Of the six species collected, three are Australasian species, two are naturalised species introduced from Europe and one could not be determined to species. The Australian Cerodontha (Cerodontha) milleri Spencer represented most of the individuals caught in both Malaise and emergence traps. A total of 163 agromyzid and 98 parasitic wasp specimens were reared from plant samples with agromyzid mines in the Canberra region. Most agromyzids and parasitoids were reared from the weed Sonchus oleraceus L. (Asteraceae). All the agromyzids reared belonged to two introduced species of the genera Phytomyza and Chromatomyia Hardy. The biodiversity of parasitic wasps reared was high with 14 species from seven genera and three families. Hemiptarsenus varicornis (Girault) (Eulophidae), a widespread Old World agromyzid parasitoid, was the most numerous parasitoid reared in our survey.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 78%

Plant hosts and parasitoid associations of leaf mining flies (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in the Canberra region of Australia

Lambkin

Fayed

Manchester

et al. 2008

Australian Journal of Entomology

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“…Saprophagous higher flies, which dominate in most habitats (Blades & Marshall, ; Beaulieu & Wheeler, ; Grégoire Taillefer & Wheeler, ), represent a small portion of the total abundance in Yukon grasslands (Boucher, ). This may be due to the dry, windy nature of the habitat which reduces the accumulation of decaying vegetation (Boucher, ) and thus removes a significant component of the resources supporting a saprophagous trophic level. Hence, these grasslands appear to be not only geographically isolated, and perhaps historically unique, but also ecologically distinct from southern grasslands.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple studies have confirmed the role of Beringia as a refugium during Pleistocene glaciations (DeChaine, ; Shafer et al ., ) and efforts have been made to understand and explore diversity in the Yukon (e.g. Danks & Downes, ; Boucher & Wheeler, ; Danby, ; Slough & Mennel, ; Slough & Jung, ; Bowden & Buddle, ; Harris & Taylor, ; Danby et al ., ; Klimaszewski et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution and community structure of chloropid flies (Diptera: Chloropidae) in Nearctic glacial and post‐glacial grasslands

Solecki

Buddle

Wheeler

2016

Insect Conserv Diversity

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1. Arthropod species inhabiting disjunct xeric grasslands in the Yukon Territory, Canada may be relicts of Pleistocene steppe assemblages widespread in Beringia during glaciation, or they may be recent remnants of northward expansion of southern grassland communities during the early-Holocene Hypsithermal. To assess the likely origin of the Yukon grassland arthropod community, grassland-associated Chloropidae (Diptera) were compared from three regions: the Canadian Prairies, the Peace River region of Alberta and the southern Yukon.2. If Yukon grassland insect communities, like those in the Peace region, result primarily from northward dispersal during the Hypsithermal, chloropid assemblages in all regions would be similar, except that species richness would decline with increasing latitude. If, however, they are primarily relicts of Pleistocene steppe communities, Yukon chloropid assemblages would be distinct from southern assemblages.3. There was a latitudinal gradient of decreasing species richness and Yukon assemblages were distinct from Prairie and Peace region assemblages, based on cluster analysis, non-metric multidimensional scaling and pairwise comparisons of Morisita similarity indices.4. Community-level analyses suggest that Yukon assemblages have been separated from those in the Prairies and Peace regions since before the Hypsithermal and likely contain a mix of relict populations inhabiting Pleistocene steppe remnants in East Beringia with recent northward post-glacial dispersal from the southern Prairies. Dispersal from eastern Russia via Beringia appears to have been negligible.

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“…To date, paleoecological and distributional data have been used to infer the origin of these grasslands (e.g., [11, 15, 16]). Fossil evidence suggests that these communities are analogues of the late Pleistocene arctic steppe ecosystem [11–13, 17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeography of higher Diptera in glacial and postglacial grasslands in western North America

et al. 2019

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BackgroundPleistocene glaciations have had an important impact on the species distribution and community composition of the North American biota. Species survived these glacial cycles south of the ice sheets and/or in other refugia, such as Beringia. In this study, we assessed, using mitochondrial DNA from three Diptera species, whether flies currently found in Beringian grasslands (1) survived glaciation as disjunct populations in Beringia and in the southern refugium; (2) dispersed northward postglacially from the southern refugium; or (3) arose by a combination of the two. Samples were collected in grasslands in western Canada: Prairies in Alberta and Manitoba; the Peace River region (Alberta); and the southern Yukon Territory. We sequenced two gene regions (658 bp of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, 510 bp of cytochrome b) from three species of higher Diptera: one with a continuous distribution across grassland regions, and two with disjunct populations between the regions. We used a Bayesian approach to determine population groupings without a priori assumptions and performed analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and exact tests of population differentiation (ETPD) to examine their validity. Molecular dating was used to establish divergence times.ResultsTwo geographically structured populations were found for all species: a southern Prairie and Peace River population, and a Yukon population. Although AMOVA did not show significant differentiation between populations, ETPD did. Divergence time between Yukon and southern populations predated the Holocene for two species; the species with an ambiguous divergence time had high haplotype diversity, which could suggest survival in a Beringian refugium.ConclusionsPopulations of Diptera in Yukon grasslands could have persisted in steppe habitats in Beringia through Pleistocene glaciations. Current populations in the region appear to be a mix of Beringian relict populations and, to a lesser extent, postglacial dispersal northward from southern prairie grasslands.

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Diversity of Agromyzidae (Diptera) in disjunct grasslands of the southern Yukon Territory

Cited by 10 publications

References 7 publications

Plant hosts and parasitoid associations of leaf mining flies (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in the Canberra region of Australia

Plant hosts and parasitoid associations of leaf mining flies (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in the Canberra region of Australia

Distribution and community structure of chloropid flies (Diptera: Chloropidae) in Nearctic glacial and post‐glacial grasslands

Phylogeography of higher Diptera in glacial and postglacial grasslands in western North America

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