Diversity in the Circulation of Influenza A(H3N2) Viruses in the Northern Hemisphere in the 2018–19 Season

Pando, Rakefet; Stern, Shahar; Nemet, Ital; Glatman‐Freedman, Aharona; Sefty, Hanna; Zuckerman, Neta S.; Drori, Yaron; Friedman, Nehemya; McCauley, John W.; Keinan‐Boker, Lital; Mendelson, Ella; Daniels, Rodney S.; Mandelboim, Michal

doi:10.3390/vaccines9040375

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…RNA/DNA of influenza A(H1N1pdm or H3N2)/B, RSV, HMPV, parainfluenza, and adenoviruses was detected using real-time reverse transcription-PCR (rRT-PCR) assay by Taqman chemistry, as previously described ( Heim et al, 2003 ; Meningher et al, 2014 ; Pando et al, 2021 ). Shortly, the master mix was prepared with Ambion Ag-Path master mix (Life technologies, United States) in multiplex reactions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outbreak of Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses in Hospitalized Patients Alongside the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic

et al. 2022

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Influenza A and other respiratory viruses, circulate each winter and cause respiratory illness that can lead to severe complications in hospitalized patients. During the COVID-19 pandemic, only a few cases of respiratory viruses were detected in Israel. Our study applied RT-PCR to examine 13,674 samples collected from patients hospitalized with respiratory symptoms in 2019, 2020, and 2021 and the first half of the 2022 winter. A sharp increase in influenza A(H3N2) cases was observed in winter 2021-2022 as compared to 2020, followed by a sudden decrease in influenza cases after the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant in Israel. Comparison of the area under the curve (AUC) of influenza infection rates during 7 consecutive winter seasons found that the minimal AUC between 2015 and 2020 was 281.1, while in 2021-2022, it was significantly lower (162.6 AUC; p = 0.0017), although the percentage of positive influenza cases was similar to those of previous years. The presented findings show how the dominance of influenza A(H3N2) abruptly ended upon circulation of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant. However, a post-COVID-19 influenza outbreak is possible, hence the planning of the next influenza vaccine is critical to ensure lower influenza-related hospitalization rates.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outbreak of Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses in Hospitalized Patients Alongside the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic

et al. 2022

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“…Reverse transcription and RT-PCR assays were performed using the AllplexTM RV essential assay (Seegene Inc., Korea) in a CFX real-time PCR system (BIO-RAD, United States; Folgueira et al, 2019 ). Influenza typing for A(H1N1) and A(H3N2) was performed as previously described ( Meningher et al, 2014 ; Pando et al, 2021 ). Briefly, the master mix was prepared with the SensiFAST kit (Meridian Bioscience, United Kingdom) using specific primers for influenza A(H3N2) and influenza A (H1N1pdm) that are listed in Supplementary Table S3 ( Pando et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Influenza typing for A(H1N1) and A(H3N2) was performed as previously described ( Meningher et al, 2014 ; Pando et al, 2021 ). Briefly, the master mix was prepared with the SensiFAST kit (Meridian Bioscience, United Kingdom) using specific primers for influenza A(H3N2) and influenza A (H1N1pdm) that are listed in Supplementary Table S3 ( Pando et al, 2021 ). The lineage of influenza B was determined by RT-PCR The qRT-PCR assay was performed on a CFX real-time PCR system (BIO-RAD, United States).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza vaccine compatibility among hospitalized patients during and after the COVID-19 pandemic

Fratty,

Jurkowicz,

Zuckerman

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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IntroductionFollowing the significant decrease in SARS-CoV-2 cases worldwide, Israel, as well as other countries, have again been faced with a rise in seasonal influenza. This study compared circulating influenza A and B in hospitalized patients in Israel with the influenza strains in the vaccine following the 2021–2022 winter season which was dominated by the omicron variant.MethodsNasopharyngeal samples of 16,325 patients were examined for the detection of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and influenza B. Phylogenetic trees of hemagglutinin were then prepared using sanger sequencing. Vaccine immunogenicity was also performed using the hemagglutination inhibition test.ResultsOf the 16,325 nasopharyngeal samples collected from hospitalized patients between September 2021 (Week 40) and April 2023 (Week 15), 7.5% were found to be positive for influenza. Phylogenetic analyses show that in the 2021–2022 winter season, the leading virus subtype was influenza A(H3N2), belonging to clade 3C.2a1b.2a.2. However, the following winter season was dominated by influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, which belongs to clade 6B.aA.5a.2. The circulating influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 strain showed a shift from the vaccine strain, while the co-circulating influenza A(H3N2) and influenza B strains were similar to those of the vaccine. Antigenic analysis coincided with the sequence analysis.DiscussionInfluenza prevalence during 2022–2023 returned to typical levels as seen prior to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, which may suggest a gradual viral adaptation to SARS-CoV-2 variants. Domination of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was observed uniquely in Israel compared to Europe and USA and phylogenetic and antigenic analysis showed lower recognition of the vaccine with the circulating influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in Israel compared to the vaccine.

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“…The 2009 pandemic virus (clade 6B.1) has since replaced the prior seasonal H1N1 strains and is the current lineage circulating in humans 8 , 9 . Currently, H3N2 infections are composed of a wider range of strains from two antigenically distinct clades (clades 3C.2a and 3C.3a) 8 , 10 . H2Nx, H5Nx, and H7Nx pre-pandemic strains have high potential to transmit to humans, causing outbreaks that result in severe disease and death 11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multivalent next generation influenza virus vaccines protect against seasonal and pre-pandemic viruses

Uno,

Ross

2024

Sci Rep

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Each year, new influenza virus vaccine formulations are generated to keep up with continuously circulating and mutating viral variants. A next-generation influenza virus vaccine would provide long-lasting, broadly-reactive immune protection against current and future influenza virus strains for both seasonal and pre-pandemic viruses. Next generation immunogens were designed using computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA) methodology to protect against a broad range of strains over numerous seasons. Novel HA and NA amino acid sequences were derived from multilayered consensus sequence alignment for multiple subtypes of influenza. This multivalent formulation was hypothesized to elicit broadly protective immune responses against both seasonal and pre-pandemic influenza viruses. Mice were vaccinated with multivalent mixtures of HA and NA (H1, H2, H3, H5, H7, N1, N2) proteins. Multivalent COBRA vaccinations elicited antibodies that recognized a broad panel of strains and vaccinated mice were protected against viruses representing multiple subtypes. This is a promising candidate for a universal influenza vaccine that elicits protective immune responses against seasonal and pre-pandemic strains over multiple seasons.

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Diversity in the Circulation of Influenza A(H3N2) Viruses in the Northern Hemisphere in the 2018–19 Season

Cited by 7 publications

References 25 publications

Outbreak of Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses in Hospitalized Patients Alongside the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic

Outbreak of Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses in Hospitalized Patients Alongside the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic

Influenza vaccine compatibility among hospitalized patients during and after the COVID-19 pandemic

Multivalent next generation influenza virus vaccines protect against seasonal and pre-pandemic viruses

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