Diversity in the Ammonia-Oxidizing Nitrifier Population of a Soil

Belser, L. W.; Schmidt, E. L.

doi:10.1128/aem.36.4.584-588.1978

Cited by 111 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Andrews, where red alder may have contributed to a proportionately greater increase in available N. The nitrification potential rates measured in this study, using soil slurries, were similar to the rates of gross nitrification measured in whole soil by Boyle and colleagues (2008) (r 2 = 0.50) ( Table 1), suggesting that at the time of sampling nitrification conditions may have been close to optimum even at the low pH of whole soil and nitrification potential soil slurries. Based on pure culture studies of AOB that determined rates of NH3 oxidation to be between 1 and 10 ¥ 10 -15 mol cell -1 h -1 (Belser and Schmidt, 1978;Jiang and Bakken, 1999), the nitrification potentials measured in these soils could be supported by AOB population densities as low as 0.4-4.0 ¥ 10 5 cells g -1 of soil in H.J. Andrews Douglas-fir soil and as high as 0.1-1.1 ¥ 10 -7 cells g -1 of soil in Cascade Head red alder soil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community composition of ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria and archaea in soils under stands of red alder and Douglas fir in Oregon

Boyle-Yarwood¹,

Bottomley

Myrold³

2008

Environmental Microbiology

109

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This study determined nitrification activity and nitrifier community composition in soils under stands of red alder (Alnus rubra) and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) at two sites in Oregon. The H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, located in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon, has low net N mineralization and gross nitrification rates. Cascade Head Experimental Forest, in the Coast Range, has higher net N mineralization and nitrification rates and soil pH is lower. Communities of putative bacterial [ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB)] and archaeal [ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA)] ammonia oxidizers were examined by targeting the gene amoA, which codes for subunit A of ammonia monooxygenase. Nitrification potential was significantly higher in red alder compared with Douglas-fir soil and greater at Cascade Head than H.J. Andrews. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria amoA genes were amplified from all soils, but AOA amoA genes could only be amplified at Cascade Head. Gene copy numbers of AOB and AOA amoA were similar at Cascade Head regardless of tree type (2.3-6.0 x 10(6)amoA gene copies g(-1) of soil). DNA sequences of amoA revealed that AOB were members of Nitrosospira clusters 1, 2 and 4. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria community composition, determined by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) profiles, varied among sites and between tree types. Many of the AOA amoA sequences clustered with environmental clones previously obtained from soil; however, several sequences were more similar to clones previously recovered from marine and estuarine sediments. As with AOB, the AOA community composition differed between red alder and Douglas-fir soils.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community composition of ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria and archaea in soils under stands of red alder and Douglas fir in Oregon

Boyle-Yarwood¹,

Bottomley

Myrold³

2008

Environmental Microbiology

109

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“…Nitrifying bacteria are notoriously di¤cult to isolate and grow and this has prevented, until recently, meaningful study of their community structure and diversity. Most probable number methods have been widely used to enumerate nitrifying bacteria [128,129]. The e¤ciency of this technique is low and it has an inherently low statistical precision.…”

Section: Nitri¢cationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen cycling in coastal marine ecosystems

Herbert

1999

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

212

289

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It is generally considered that nitrogen availability is one of the major factors regulating primary production in temperate coastal marine environments. Coastal regions often receive large anthropogenic inputs of nitrogen that cause eutrophication. The impact of these nitrogen additions has a profound effect in estuaries and coastal lagoons where water exchange is limited. Such increased nutrient loading promotes the growth of phytoplankton and fast growing pelagic macroalgae while rooted plants (sea-grasses) and benthic are suppressed due to reduced light availability. This shift from benthic to pelagic primary production introduces large diurnal variations in oxygen concentrations in the water column. In addition oxygen consumption in the surface sediments increases due to the deposition of readily degradable biomass. In this review the physico-chemical and biological factors regulating nitrogen cycling in coastal marine ecosystems are considered in relation to developing effective management programmes to rehabilitate seagrass communities in lagoons currently dominated by pelagic macroalgae and/or cyanobacteria.

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“…. For isolation of heterotrophic bacteria the medium contained per liter 5 g tryptone, 2 g yeast extract and 0.5 g acetate [19,20]. Media were also made up using ¢lter sterilized reactor e¥uent instead of distilled water.…”

Section: Enrichment Of Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Bacteria From Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular microbial diversity in a nitrifying reactor system without sludge retention

Logemann

1998

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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Recently, the single reactor system for high activity ammonia removal over nitrite (SHARON) process was developed for the removal of ammonia from wastewater with high ammonia concentrations. In contrast to normal systems, this nitrifying reactor system is operated at relatively high temperatures (35³C) without sludge retention. Classical methods to describe the microbial community present in the reactor failed and, therefore, the microorganisms responsible for ammonia removal in this single reactor system were investigated using several complementary molecular biological techniques. The results obtained via these molecular methods were in good agreement with each other and demonstrated successful monitoring of microbial diversity. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rRNA PCR products proved to be an effective technique to estimate rapidly the presence of at least four different types of bacteria in the SHARON reactor. In addition, analysis of a 16S rRNA gene library revealed that there was one dominant (69%) clone which was highly similar (98.8%) to Nitrosomonas eutropha. Of the other clones, 14% could be assigned to new members of the Cytophaga/Flexibacter group. These data were qualitatively and quantitatively confirmed by two independent microscopic methods. The presence of about 70% ammonia oxidizing bacteria was demonstrated using a fluorescent oligonucleotide probe (NEU) targeted against the 16S rRNA of the Nitrosomonas cluster. Electron microscopic pictures showed the typical morphology of ammonia oxidizers in the majority of the cells from the SHARON reactor. z

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Diversity in the Ammonia-Oxidizing Nitrifier Population of a Soil

Cited by 111 publications

References 15 publications

Community composition of ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria and archaea in soils under stands of red alder and Douglas fir in Oregon

Community composition of ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria and archaea in soils under stands of red alder and Douglas fir in Oregon

Nitrogen cycling in coastal marine ecosystems

Molecular microbial diversity in a nitrifying reactor system without sludge retention

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