Diversity in Ethiopia

Adamu, Abebaw Yirga

doi:10.18848/2327-0004/cgp/v12i03/39924

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…20 People of diverse ethnic background live in Ethiopia, although one-size-fits-all scenario is practiced in TB therapeutics. 21,22 Evidence of interindividual variability (IIV), drug exposure profiles in MDR-TB patients and its impact on treatment outcomes are lacking. To the best of our knowledge, the PK of LFX and MXF among Ethiopian patients treated for MDR-TB is not yet studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Pharmacokinetics of Levofloxacin and Moxifloxacin, and the Probability of Target Attainment in Ethiopian Patients with Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis

Sidamo¹,

Rao²,

Aklillu³

et al. 2022

IDR

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This study aimed to explore the population pharmacokinetic modeling (PopPK) of levofloxacin (LFX) and moxifloxacin (MXF), as well as the percent probability of target attainment (PTA) as defined by the ratio of the area under the plasma concentrationtime curve over 24 h and the in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration (AUC0-24/MIC) in Ethiopian multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients. Methods: Steady state-plasma concentration of the drugs in MDR-TB patients were determined using optimized liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry. PopPK and simulations were run at various doses, and pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated. The effect of covariates on the PK parameters and PTA for maximum mycobacterial kill and resistance prevention was also investigated. Results: LFX and MXF both fit in a one-compartment model with adjustments. Serum-creatinine (Cr) influenced (p = 0.01) the clearance of LFX, whereas body mass index (BMI) influenced (p = 0.01) the apparent volume of distribution (V) of MXF. The PTA for LFX maximal mycobacterial kill at the critical MIC of 0.5 mg/L with the simulated 750 mg, 1000 mg, and 1500 mg doses were 29%, 62%, and 95%, respectively, whereas the PTA for resistance prevention at 1500 mg was only 4.8%, with none of the lower doses achieving this target. At the critical MIC of 0.25 mg/L, there was no change in the PTA for maximum bacterial kill when the MXF dose was increased (600 mg, 800 mg, and 1000 mg), but the PTA for resistance prevention was improved. Conclusion:The standard doses of LFX and MXF may not provide adequate drug exposure. PopPK of LFX is more predictable for maximum mycobacterial kill, whereas MXF's resistance prevention target increases with dose. Cr and BMI are likely important covariates for dose optimization in Ethiopian patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Pharmacokinetics of Levofloxacin and Moxifloxacin, and the Probability of Target Attainment in Ethiopian Patients with Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis

Sidamo¹,

Rao²,

Aklillu³

et al. 2022

IDR

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“…Creating a climate of respect and acceptance is essential for fostering inclusivity in educational settings. This involves promoting a culture that values and celebrates diversity, where all members of the community feel safe, respected, and supported (Adamu, 2013: Groggins, & Ryan, 2013. Cultivating such a climate requires proactive efforts to address biases, stereotypes, and discriminatory behaviors (Halford et al, 2023).…”

Section: Cultivating a Climate Of Respect And Acceptancementioning

confidence: 99%

Fostering Inclusive Excellence: Strategies for Effective Diversity Management in Schools

ASSEFA,

ZENEBE

2024

IJREHC

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This article emphasizes the benefits of effective diversity management in schools, highlighting how it contributes to positive intergroup relations, reduced incidents of bullying and discrimination, and improved student engagement and achievement. By creating inclusive learning environments, schools prepare students for the diverse and globalized world they will encounter beyond the classroom. To achieve effective diversity management, the article suggests several strategies. First, it emphasizes the importance of engaging families and communities from diverse backgrounds by collaborating with parents and guardians and partnering with community organizations and resources. These collaborative efforts build strong home-school partnerships, facilitate cultural understanding, and provide valuable support to meet diverse needs. The article also emphasizes the significance of hosting diversity events and celebrations that showcase different cultures and identities. These events offer opportunities for learning, appreciation, and intercultural dialogue. Additionally, workshops and seminars on diversity-related topics promote understanding and inclusive practices among students, families, and community members.

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“…They can be classified into Semitic, Cushitic, Omotic, and Nilotic groups. Of these, Amharic is the most common working language while English is the second language of the federal government [46,48]. The country also has a long-standing connection with Christianity (Catholic, Orthodox, and Protestant), Islam, and less commonly with Judaism and Paganism [48].…”

Section: Study Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of these, Amharic is the most common working language while English is the second language of the federal government [46,48]. The country also has a long-standing connection with Christianity (Catholic, Orthodox, and Protestant), Islam, and less commonly with Judaism and Paganism [48]. The country's two largest religious faiths are Orthodox Christianity (43.5%) and Islam (33.9%) [47].…”

Section: Study Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilevel analysis of determinants of polygyny among married men in Ethiopia

et al. 2021

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Background Polygyny occurs when a man has more than one wife at the same time. It often contributes to poor health among family members, particularly young children. It encourages the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV/AIDS. The determinants of polygyny have not yet been adequately explored in Ethiopia. This study adds to the body of knowledge concerning the prevalence and distribution of polygyny in the country. Methods This study is a secondary analysis of the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data. Using a two-stage stratified cluster sampling, 7470 married men were selected. After verifying the assumptions of multilevel logistic regression analysis, Stata version 14.0 was used to analyse the data. A multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model was used to identify predictors of polygyny. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to measure the association. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Results Age from 30 to 44 years [AOR = 5.78, 95% CI = (3.13, 10.7)], age from 45 to 59 years [AOR = 16.5, 95% CI = (8.59, 31.8)], men with primary education or no formal education [AOR = 3.40, 95% CI = (1.50, 7.69)], being Muslim [AOR = 2.47, 95% CI = (1.28, 4.77)], sexual initiation at or above the age of 18 years [AOR = 0.46, 95% CI = (0.30, 0.68)] and being from a less developed region of Ethiopia [AOR = 3.67, 95% CI = (2.30, 5.83)] were factors associated with polygyny. Conclusion Both individual and community level factors were identified as predictors of polygyny. Improving educational attainment and delaying men’s sexual debut could encourage the reduction of polygyny in Ethiopia.

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Diversity in Ethiopia

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Population Pharmacokinetics of Levofloxacin and Moxifloxacin, and the Probability of Target Attainment in Ethiopian Patients with Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis

Population Pharmacokinetics of Levofloxacin and Moxifloxacin, and the Probability of Target Attainment in Ethiopian Patients with Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis

Fostering Inclusive Excellence: Strategies for Effective Diversity Management in Schools

Multilevel analysis of determinants of polygyny among married men in Ethiopia

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