“…The concept of carrying capacity was originally an ecological construct, defined as the number of individuals of a population an environment can support without significant negative impacts to the given population and its environment (Elliott et al, 2007). This definition does not fully capture the multi-layered processes of human-environment relationships, which have a fluid and non-equilibrium nature, and it may disregard the role of external forces in influencing environmental change (Moore et al, 2009). Because of this, Elliott et al (2007) emphasise that carrying capacity also should relate to social and economic aspects of ecosystems, i.e.…”
Section: Ecological Sustainability and Sustainable Developmentmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Of particular importance to environmental management are ideas relating to the dynamics of ecosystems and the relations between biodiversity and ecosystem function, which have led towards the view that ecosystems are complex adaptive systems, characterised by historical dependency, nonlinear dynamics, threshold effects, multiple basins of attraction, and limited predictability (Folke et al, 2004;Duit and Galaz, 2008;Moore et al, 2009).…”
Section: Ecological Sustainability and Sustainable Developmentmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Also, linkages between ecological science and environmental policy are poor, which have been attributed to scientific uncertainty and a lack of consensus amongst scientists, both jeopardizing the transfer of science into management (Moore et al, 2009). The use of EST as an orientation tool may prove useful in testing governance hypothesis, as well as to analyse and integrate, at least approximately (especially as correlations are far from being linear), the expected variations and relationships between different variables correlated with ecological sustainability, human well-being and population size/ pressure.…”
Section: What Might Be the Advantages Of The Ecological Sustainabilitmentioning
a b s t r a c tThe ability to achieve ecological sustainability and the sustainable development of marine and estuarine ecosystems constitutes a complex major challenge and depends on many driving forces, often conflicting with each other. In particular, there are three major drivers: (a) the search for human well-being, health and safety, (b) the maintenance of ecological sustainability and environmental equilibrium, and (c) the tolerance of an increasing human population pressure and demand for wealth creation.We propose here the use of a conceptual guidance tool -the ecological sustainability trigon (EST) -as a means of building and testing environmental management scenarios. Although it requires further testing, the EST allows us to (a) address those three major drivers using human society view as a common currency, and (b) describe our behaviour, energetics (economy) and dynamics through ecological theory. Moreover, the EST appears promising for gap analysis and the means to address new research questions.
“…The concept of carrying capacity was originally an ecological construct, defined as the number of individuals of a population an environment can support without significant negative impacts to the given population and its environment (Elliott et al, 2007). This definition does not fully capture the multi-layered processes of human-environment relationships, which have a fluid and non-equilibrium nature, and it may disregard the role of external forces in influencing environmental change (Moore et al, 2009). Because of this, Elliott et al (2007) emphasise that carrying capacity also should relate to social and economic aspects of ecosystems, i.e.…”
Section: Ecological Sustainability and Sustainable Developmentmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Of particular importance to environmental management are ideas relating to the dynamics of ecosystems and the relations between biodiversity and ecosystem function, which have led towards the view that ecosystems are complex adaptive systems, characterised by historical dependency, nonlinear dynamics, threshold effects, multiple basins of attraction, and limited predictability (Folke et al, 2004;Duit and Galaz, 2008;Moore et al, 2009).…”
Section: Ecological Sustainability and Sustainable Developmentmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Also, linkages between ecological science and environmental policy are poor, which have been attributed to scientific uncertainty and a lack of consensus amongst scientists, both jeopardizing the transfer of science into management (Moore et al, 2009). The use of EST as an orientation tool may prove useful in testing governance hypothesis, as well as to analyse and integrate, at least approximately (especially as correlations are far from being linear), the expected variations and relationships between different variables correlated with ecological sustainability, human well-being and population size/ pressure.…”
Section: What Might Be the Advantages Of The Ecological Sustainabilitmentioning
a b s t r a c tThe ability to achieve ecological sustainability and the sustainable development of marine and estuarine ecosystems constitutes a complex major challenge and depends on many driving forces, often conflicting with each other. In particular, there are three major drivers: (a) the search for human well-being, health and safety, (b) the maintenance of ecological sustainability and environmental equilibrium, and (c) the tolerance of an increasing human population pressure and demand for wealth creation.We propose here the use of a conceptual guidance tool -the ecological sustainability trigon (EST) -as a means of building and testing environmental management scenarios. Although it requires further testing, the EST allows us to (a) address those three major drivers using human society view as a common currency, and (b) describe our behaviour, energetics (economy) and dynamics through ecological theory. Moreover, the EST appears promising for gap analysis and the means to address new research questions.
“…They have economic as well as intrinsic importance, given their provision of ecosystem services that benefit humans, such as recreation, shelter, food and medicines, as well as benefits beyond human needs (Costanza et al, 1997;Dudley, 2008;Eagles et al, 2002;Gurung, 2010;Hoekstra et al, 2005;Moore et al, 2009). Good governance of such protected areas is essential for sustainable development underpinned by functional ecosystem services.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Delphi surveys rely on experts commenting on a set of questions or statements, and have often been used in researching complex issues. The Delphi method also provides the opportunity for an expert group to consolidate a number of responses (Hess & King, 2002;Moore et al, 2009). …”
Section: Introducing the Delphi Process And Workhop Participants Fmentioning
Effective management of protected areas relies on good governance. An assessment was undertaken using the standards provided by the United Nations Development Programme's characteristics of good governance for sustainable development as a starting point. Being able to assess governance based on indicators is essential for ongoing effective management through improving practice. Although indicators and evaluation frameworks are available, they do not offer protected area managers a quick, comprehensive measure of governance. We used a three-round Delphi method with a cohort of 33 managers and researchers from government and non-government organizations, and universities. This participatory research process established a set of 20 indicators addressing public participation, consensus orientation, strategic vision, responsiveness, effectiveness, efficiency, accountability, transparency, equity, and rule of law. Accompanying output measures were provided by management plans, annual reports, audits, and stakeholder engagement. The findings emphasize the contributions of management plans and annual reports in establishing evaluation requirements and providing a place where results are publicly available. Further participatory research to refine these indicators and apply them in a diversity of contexts is advocated.
In this paper, we explore the practicality and limitations of the ecosystem services concept. The enthusiasm for the analytical investigation of services delivered by ecosystems is driven by the realisation that local, national and international policies are not protecting ecosystems and the full range of services they deliver to humans. We briefly review the history of the term and consider a range of analytical frameworks proposed to study ecosystem services. The problem of understanding ecosystems across varying spatial and temporal scales is a recurring theme and we argue that systems analysis such as world-systems and panarchy analysis is useful in this context. Translating any one of these frameworks to an operational definition presents some challenges, which are briefly discussed in terms of measurement and quantification.
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