Diversity, Ecology, and Taxonomy of the Cyanobacteria

Whitton, Brian A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-1332-9_1

Cited by 144 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 215 publications

(179 reference statements)

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“…Cyanobacteria may be expected to have a higher Fe : C content relative to eucaryotic species, as there is less carbon-rich structural material within these cells. Similar conclusions have been reached in the analysis of the nitrate and carbon requirements of procaryotic and eucaryotic phytoplankton (Whitton 1992) and in studies of Fe : P ratios with cyanobacteria (Brand 199 1). Furthermore, because Synechococcus PCC 7002 is a coastal marine species, it is expected to have nominally higher iron requirements than pelagic marine species (Brand 199 1).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Growth, iron requirements, and siderophore production in iron‐limited Synechococcus PCC 72

Wilhelm

Maxwell

Trick

1996

Limnology & Oceanography

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We have investigated the changes associated with growth over a range of iron availabilities in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC 7002. This cyanobacterium compensates for growth-limiting levels of iron availability by decreasing its maximum growth rate, cellular pigment levels, and apparent iron requirements. This organism also releases extracellular siderophores, which facilitate the acquisition of iron that was previously biologically unavailable from the extracellular environment. Our results suggest a possible ferrisiderophore receptor role for components of the outer membrane and periplasmic space. The resulting change in cellular physiology and activation of a siderophore-mediated iron transport system allows Synechococcus PCC 7002 to re-establish a growth rate comparable to that of cells grown in iron-replete conditions.The utilization of iron from a previously unavailable pool by this cyanobacterium demonstrates that Synechococcus PCC 7002 has a high-affinity iron transport system.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Growth, iron requirements, and siderophore production in iron‐limited Synechococcus PCC 72

Wilhelm

Maxwell

Trick

1996

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…N. commune, in its natural habitat, forms macroscopic colonies with filaments embedded in gelatinous glycan. In the past, most studies concentrated on the extraordinary drought resistance of N. commune (33; for a review, see reference 29), but only few investigated its UV tolerance (35,41).Mechanisms counteracting UV-B damage have been demonstrated in plants and cyanobacteria. Besides repair of UVinduced damages of DNA by excision repair and photoreactivation (10, 26) and accumulation of detoxifying enzymes and carotenoids (24,25), an important mechanism to prevent UV photodamage is the synthesis of UV-absorbing compounds.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

UV-B-induced synthesis of photoprotective pigments and extracellular polysaccharides in the terrestrial cyanobacterium Nostoc commune

1997

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Liquid cultures of the terrestrial cyanobacterium Nostoc commune derived from field material were treated with artificial UV-B and UV-A irradiation. We studied the induction of various pigments which are thought to provide protection against damaging UV-B irradiation. First, UV-B irradiation induced an increase in carotenoids, especially echinenone and myxoxanthophyll, but did not influence production of chlorophyll a. Second, an increase of an extracellular, water-soluble UV-A/B-absorbing mycosporine occurred, which was associated with extracellular glycan synthesis. Finally, synthesis of scytonemin, a lipid-soluble, extracellular pigment known to function as a UV-A sunscreen, was observed. After long-time exposure, the UV-B effect on carotenoid and scytonemin synthesis ceased whereas the mycosporine content remained constantly high. The UV-B sunscreen mycosporine is exclusively induced by UV-B (<315 nm). The UV-A sunscreen scytonemin is induced only slightly by UV-B (<315 nm), very strongly by near UV-A (350 to 400 nm), and not at all by far UV-A (320 to 350 nm). These results may indicate that the syntheses of these UV sunscreens are triggered by different UV photoreceptors.The terrestrial nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Nostoc commune Vaucher flourishes in extremely cold and dry habitats which are characterized by intense solar radiation, extreme temperature differences, and regular periods of desiccation (34, 42; for a review, see reference 7). N. commune, in its natural habitat, forms macroscopic colonies with filaments embedded in gelatinous glycan. In the past, most studies concentrated on the extraordinary drought resistance of N. commune (33; for a review, see reference 29), but only few investigated its UV tolerance (35,41).Mechanisms counteracting UV-B damage have been demonstrated in plants and cyanobacteria. Besides repair of UVinduced damages of DNA by excision repair and photoreactivation (10, 26) and accumulation of detoxifying enzymes and carotenoids (24,25), an important mechanism to prevent UV photodamage is the synthesis of UV-absorbing compounds. Several studies provide evidence that epidermally located phenylpropanoids, especially flavonoid derivatives, protect higher plants by absorbing harmful UV radiation (22, 37). Mycosporine amino acids (MAAs) are thought to fulfill a comparable purpose in lower organisms (14, 21). MAAs are water-soluble, substituted cyclohexenes which are linked to amino acids and iminoalcohols and have absorption maxima between 310 and 360 nm. Scytonemin, which has an in vivo absorption maximum at 370 nm and is located in the cyanobacterial sheath, has been proposed to serve as a UV-A sunscreen (13). It is a yellowbrown, lipid-soluble dimeric pigment of terrestrial cyanobacteria with a molecular mass of 544 Da and a structure based on indolic and phenolic subunits (30).A UV-A/B-absorbing pigment with absorption maxima at 312 and 335 nm was found in N. commune colonies exposed to high solar radiation (35). Recently, its chemical structure has been shown to be an oligo...

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“…Phenotypic plasticity has made classification by botanical methods quite variable and has shown to result in taxonomic errors (Nelissen et al, 1995;Neilan et al, 1997). Other nonmolecular techniques that have acted as taxonomic deterrents include the use of cyanophage susceptibility and sheath properties, both of which also vary in culture (Rippka et al, 1979;Whitton, 1992;Rippka, 1988).…”

Section: Nomenclature Issues Of Cyanobacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquito Larvicides from Cyanobacteria

Berry¹

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Diversity, Ecology, and Taxonomy of the Cyanobacteria

Cited by 144 publications

References 215 publications

Growth, iron requirements, and siderophore production in iron‐limited Synechococcus PCC 72

Growth, iron requirements, and siderophore production in iron‐limited Synechococcus PCC 72

UV-B-induced synthesis of photoprotective pigments and extracellular polysaccharides in the terrestrial cyanobacterium Nostoc commune

Mosquito Larvicides from Cyanobacteria

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