Diversity, ecology, and conservation of truffle fungi in forests of the Pacific Northwest

Trappe, James M.; Molina, Randy; Luoma, Daniel L.; Cázares, Efrén; Pilz, David; Smith, Jane E.; Castellano, Michael A.; Miller, Steven L.; Trappe, Matthew J.

doi:10.2737/pnw-gtr-772

Cited by 111 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 216 publications

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“…In these environments, spores that are enclosed or stay beneath the soil surface would be better protected from desiccation and so survive or remain competitive. This hypothesis is supported by the high diversity of sequestrate fungi in the dry continent of Australia (Bougher and Lebel 2001;Danks et al 2010;Trappe et al 2010;Castellano et al 2011;Lebel and Syme 2012;Lebel et al 2015) as well as seasonally dry western North America States 2001, 2002;Trappe et al 2009). Alternatively, the stimulus may be related to an association with plant hosts because most sequestrate taxa are ectomycorrhizal (Tedersoo et al 2010), and distributions and diversity of sequestrate fungi are thought to be driven more generally by plant host availability and diversity (Jumpponen et al 2004;Bonito et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Dating the emergence of truffle-like fungi in Australia, by using an augmented meta-analysis

Sheedy

Ryberg

Lebel

et al. 2016

Aust. Systematic Bot.

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Abstract. Australia supports a high diversity of sequestrate (truffle-like) macrofungi. This has long been thought to be related to the predominantly or seasonally dry climate. The present study posits that if aridity were a key factor in the evolution of sequestrate fruit-bodies, most sequestrate species would have emerged in Australia only after it began to aridify, which occurred post-separation with Antarctica (c. 32 million years ago). Focusing on the high phylogenetic diversity of sequestrate taxa in the Agaricomycetes in Australia, dates of sequestrate nodes were compiled directly from published phylogenies (four lineages) or created using sequences available on GenBank that were processed in BEAST using a secondary calibration method (nine lineages). Although the morphologically diverse Hysterangiales was found to be the first group to become sequestrate, c. 83 million years ago, overall sequestration in Australia occurred more recently. Models were created and compared and support was found for an increased rate of sequestration in Australia at some point between 34 and 13 million years ago (during the Oligocene and Miocene). Although the rate of sequestration is shown to have increased in Australia after separation from Antarctica, the timing also overlaps with the radiation of potential mycorrhizal plant associates, and the emergence of specialised mycophagous marsupials. Although aridification is evidently not the sole driver of sequestration, it is still likely to have had a major influence on the diversity of sequestrate fungi in Australia. Comparisons with other regions of high sequestrate diversity will be informative.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Dating the emergence of truffle-like fungi in Australia, by using an augmented meta-analysis

Sheedy

Ryberg

Lebel

et al. 2016

Aust. Systematic Bot.

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“…Hypogeous fungi comprise species belonging to several genera of Ascomycota (true truffles), Basidiomycota and Muromycotina (false truffles) (Trappe et al 2009;Bonito et al 2013). The hypogeous lifestyle comported several morphological changes, as the loss of the ability to discard spores actively .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of wild boars in spore dispersal of hypogeous fungi

Piattoni¹,

Oir²,

Morara³

et al. 2013

Acta Mycol

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Piattoni F., Ori F., Morara M., Iotti M., Zambonelli A.: The role of wild boars in spore dispersal of hypogeous fungi. Acta Mycol. 47 (2): 145-153, 2012.Wild boars (Sus scrofa L.) are well-known for soil disturbance in natural and cultivated truffières but their role in spore dispersal is poorly investigated. In the present work we studied the occurrence of hypogeous fungal spores in faecal contents of 14 wild boars randomly hunted in "Parco dei Gessi e Calanchi dell'Abbadessa" Regional Park (North of Italy) where truffle production has been previously investigated for three years.Six methods for spore analysis in faeces were compared and the suspension of faeces in ZnSO 4 (70%) solution resulted to be the most reliable. Hypogeous fungal spores, including Tuber magnatum and Tuber aestivum spores, were detected in 9 animals. This result suggests that the detection of fungal spores in faeces of wild boars may provide information on the presence of hypogeous fungi in an area. However, the poor abundance of spores suggests that the wild boar can be considered an opportunistic mycophagist, ingesting truffles only occasionally, as a seasonal source of food. Considering the magnitude of wild boar movements during seasonal migrations, it is possible to speculate that they play a key role in truffle long distance dispersal.

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“…The diagnostic factor (soil characteristics) ranges were worked out from discussions with local truffle hunters in the area and from a review paper on research findings on ecology of the T. magnatum (Callot et al, 1999;Bragato et al, 2006;Trappe et al, 2009). …”

Section: Suitabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical land suitability map for Tuber magnatum Pico in Piana Crixia municipality territory (Liguria-Italy)

Rellini¹,

Pavarino²,

Scopesi³

et al. 2011

Journal of Maps

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Land suitability is the fitness of a given type of land for a specific use. Tuber magnatum Pico is one of the most valuable truffles present in Italy. The objective of this study was to assess the suitability of land to favour the growth of T. magnatum, using detailed soil spatial information, for the area around Piana Crixia (a town in Province of Savona, Italy). The work is based on land evaluation framework promoted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Attributes of the physical environment (soil and wetness characteristics) were assembled and used for the suitability assessment. Each attribute was mapped using a geographical information system and classified on the basis of predefined requirements. Soil and wetness requirements for T. magnatum were identified using expert knowledge of highly productive truffle grounds and a land suitability map at a scale of 1:10,000 was produced by overlaying the generated soil suitability and wetness suitability maps.

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Diversity, ecology, and conservation of truffle fungi in forests of the Pacific Northwest

Cited by 111 publications

References 216 publications

Dating the emergence of truffle-like fungi in Australia, by using an augmented meta-analysis

Dating the emergence of truffle-like fungi in Australia, by using an augmented meta-analysis

The role of wild boars in spore dispersal of hypogeous fungi

Physical land suitability map for Tuber magnatum Pico in Piana Crixia municipality territory (Liguria-Italy)

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