Diversity dynamics of post-Palaeozoic crinoids – in quest of the factors affecting crinoid macroevolution

Gorzelak, Przemysław; Salamon, Mariusz A.; Trzęsiok, Dawid; Lach, Rafał; Baumiller, Tomasz K.

doi:10.1111/let.12141

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Disparity and diversity appear to have been decoupled in several geographically widespread boundary-crossing echinoderm lineages (Atelostomata, Disasteroidea), with a marked decline in disparity in the latter group coincident with a geographic range restriction to Europe (Eble, 2000). Uncorrected ('raw') crinoid diversity also declined through the J/K boundary, culminating in an extinction peak in the earliest Cretaceous (Gorzelak et al, 2015).…”

Section: (D) Echinodermsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotic and environmental dynamics through theLateJurassic–EarlyCretaceous transition: evidence for protracted faunal and ecological turnover

et al. 2016

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The Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous interval represents a time of environmental upheaval and cataclysmic events, combined with disruptions to terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Historically, the Jurassic/Cretaceous (J/K) boundary was classified as one of eight mass extinctions. However, more recent research has largely overturned this view, revealing a much more complex pattern of biotic and abiotic dynamics than has previously been appreciated. Here, we present a synthesis of our current knowledge of Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous events, focusing particularly on events closest to the J/K boundary. We find evidence for a combination of short-term catastrophic events, large-scale tectonic processes and environmental perturbations, and major clade interactions that led to a seemingly dramatic faunal and ecological turnover in both the marine and terrestrial realms. This is coupled with a great reduction in global biodiversity which might in part be explained by poor sampling. Very few groups appear to have been entirely resilient to this J/K boundary 'event', which hints at a 'cascade model' of ecosystem changes driving faunal dynamics. Within terrestrial ecosystems, larger, more-specialised organisms, such as saurischian dinosaurs, appear to have suffered the most. Medium-sized tetanuran theropods declined, and were replaced by larger-bodied groups, and basal eusauropods were replaced by neosauropod faunas. The ascent of paravian theropods is emphasised by escalated competition with contemporary pterosaur groups, culminating in the explosive radiation of birds, although the timing of this is obfuscated by biases in sampling. Smaller, more ecologically diverse terrestrial non-archosaurs, such as lissamphibians and mammaliaforms, were comparatively resilient to extinctions, instead documenting the origination of many extant groups around the J/K boundary. In the marine realm, extinctions were focused on low-latitude, shallow marine shelf-dwelling faunas, corresponding to a significant eustatic sea-level fall in the latest Jurassic. More mobile and ecologically plastic marine groups, such as ichthyosaurs, survived the boundary relatively unscathed. High rates of extinction and turnover in other macropredaceous marine groups, including plesiosaurs, are accompanied by the origin of most major lineages of extant sharks. Groups which occupied both marine and terrestrial ecosystems, including crocodylomorphs, document a selective extinction in shallow marine forms, whereas turtles appear to have diversified. These patterns suggest that different extinction selectivity and ecological processes were operating between marine and terrestrial ecosystems, which were ultimately important in determining the fates of many key groups, as well as the origins of many major extant lineages. We identify a series of potential abiotic candidates for driving these patterns, including multiple bolide impacts, several episodes of flood basalt eruptions, dramatic climate change, and major disruptions to oceanic systems. The J/K t...

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Section: (D) Echinodermsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotic and environmental dynamics through theLateJurassic–EarlyCretaceous transition: evidence for protracted faunal and ecological turnover

et al. 2016

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“…He also stated that crinoid diversity levels comparable with those of the Late Triassic were achieved not earlier than the Middle Jurassic. These two assertions (SIMMS, 1988(SIMMS, , 1990 are not supported by recent data on crinoid diversity dynamics by GORZELAK et al (2016), which demonstrated that the mean standing diversity of crinoids linearly increased during this time interval. One has to bear in mind that the Triassic/Jurassic mass extinction was significantly less severe than the previous major one (P/T) (TWITCHETT & OJI, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

A new prospect in crinoid (Crinoidea, Echinodermata) research: An example from the Lower Jurassic of Montenegro

Salamon¹

2019

Carnets géol.

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“…Scale bars 1 cm 2005), but also through major functional changes (Baumiller et al 2008(Baumiller et al , 2010. More specifically, Paleozoic crinoids, dominated by sessile forms, were replaced by predominantly motile taxa displaying many morphological and behavioral novelties (e.g., Gorzelak et al 2012Gorzelak et al , 2016. Among these traits, autotomy planes and crawling abilities, which probably originated in the Triassic holocrinids and isocrinids (but see also Donovan 2012), are two of the best known textbook examples of dramatic functional changes in the evolutionary history of crinoids (e.g., Hagdorn 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental neoichnology of crawling stalked crinoids

et al. 2018

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Stalked crinoids have long been considered sessile. In the 1980s, however, observations both in the field and of laboratory experiments proved that some of them (isocrinids) can actively relocate by crawling with their arms on the substrate, and dragging the stalk behind them. Although it has been argued that this activity may leave traces on the sediment surface, no photographs or images of the traces produced by crawling crinoids have been available. Herein, we present results of neoichnological experiments using the shallowest species of living stalked crinoid, Metacrinus rotundus, dredged from Suruga Bay (near the town of Numazu, Shizuoka Prefecture, * 140 m depth). Our results demonstrate that isocrinids produce characteristic locomotion traces, which have some preservation potential. They are composed of rather deep and wide, sometimes weakly sinuous, central drag marks left by the stalk and cirri, and short, shallow scratch marks made by the arms. Based on the functional morphology and taphonomy, it has been argued that the ability to autotomize the stalk and relocate had already evolved in the oldest stem-group isocrinids (holocrinids), likely in response to increased benthic predation pressure during the so-called Mesozoic marine revolution. Our data show that this hypothesis may be corroborated in the future by ichnological findings, which may provide more direct proof of active locomotion in Triassic holocrinids.

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Diversity dynamics of post-Palaeozoic crinoids – in quest of the factors affecting crinoid macroevolution

Cited by 22 publications

References 92 publications

Biotic and environmental dynamics through theLateJurassic–EarlyCretaceous transition: evidence for protracted faunal and ecological turnover

Biotic and environmental dynamics through theLateJurassic–EarlyCretaceous transition: evidence for protracted faunal and ecological turnover

A new prospect in crinoid (Crinoidea, Echinodermata) research: An example from the Lower Jurassic of Montenegro

Experimental neoichnology of crawling stalked crinoids

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