Diversity assessment of hulled barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) accessions of ICARDA in Indian condition using cluster analysis

Abstract

A total of 310 Barley accessions collected from ICARDA, Lebanon and grown in Indian condition at ICARDA-IRP (India Research Platform), Amlaha, (M.P.) were analyzed for morphological and genetic variability using nine agro-morphological traits i.e. Plant height (cm), number of tillers per plant, days to heading, number of ear heads per pant, length of ear (cm), number of spikelets per earhead, number of grains per earhead, yield per plant (g), and 1000-grain weight (g). The highest coefficient of variation as a result of highest diversity among the genotypes were found for grains per earhead (37.5%), spikelets per earhead (37.5%), yield per plant (35.3%), tillers per plant (31.3%) and earhead per plant (31.2%). However, ear length (16.9%), days to heading (15.4%), 1000-grain weight (13.5%) and plant height (11.2%) have conributued less to diversity with lower cofficient of variation. In cluster analysis, all the characters were used to construct a distance matrix using the Euclidian coefficient, and used to generate dendrogram showing similarity among all the genotypes, distance coefficient ranged between 0 and 200 which reveal the genetic diversity among genotypes. These exotic accessions evaluated can be further used for primary or secondary introduction in Indian breeding program.

Selection strategies for yield enhancement in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

“…For improvement of a particular component trait, the promising donors thus identified which plunged in different clusters could be used in crossing programme to obtain high heterotic response and thus better segregants in subsequent generations for yield enhancement in barley. Several studies have also been conducted for assessment of genetic diversity in barley based on different morphological characters for selecting genetically diverse genotypes for hybridization [16,17,18].…”

Overview of Identified Genomic Regions Associated with Various Agronomic and Physiological Traits in Barley under Abiotic Stresses

“…Over the past two decades, many investigations identified QTLs linked with yield and its related features and physiological factors in scarcely cultivated crops under drought stress [33,102,103]. Table S2 lists some of the identified QTLs in different barley populations [33,75,[103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121]. Marok et al [101] evaluated the collected data to identify potential genes involved in signaling and protective mechanisms that confer drought tolerance in barley germplasm lines.…”

“…The MLM discovered a total of 12 significant MTAs. Importantly, the marker ABC252, on chromosome 2H, was shown to be associated with days to heading and 1000-kernal weight (KW), while the marker Bmag273 on chromosome 7H was found to be associated with spike length [111]. In multienvironmental experiments in Egypt, Sayed et al [75] analyzed a mapping population of 298 doubled haploid lines.…”

Screening of barley germplasm for drought tolerance based on root architecture, agronomic traits and identification of novel allelic variants of HVA1

“…Despite its global importance and cultivation, the yields have been reported to be stagnated in several regions of the world and this situation is expected to be exacerbated in future owing to emerging impacts of climate change (Brisson et al, 2010; Dawson et al, 2015). Barley is normally cultivated in rainfed, marginal areas, with residual moisture conditions, and these areas lack optimum productivity, and therefore, drought is a major constraint for barley production (Ceccarelli et al, 1999; Kumar et al, 2013; Sallam et al, 2019). Water scarcity has been reported to severely reduce grain yield by 49%–87% in barley (Samarah, 2005; Samarah et al, 2009).…”