Diversity and richness of marine fungi on two Portuguese marinas

Azevedo, Egídia; Rebelo, Rui; Caeiro, Maria Filomena; Barata, Margarida

doi:10.1127/0029-5035/2010/0090-0521

Cited by 10 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Cellulose breakdown is likely of bacterial origin as illustrated by the presence of cellulose degrading Clostridiales (Ljungdahl and Eriksson, 1985;Shiratori et al, 2006), but fungi, the major wood degrader in terrestrial environment (Ljungdahl and Eriksson, 1985;Raghukumar, 2008), could also participate in the process. We were able to directly detect fungi and to assign them to fungal groups without using long incubations (Azevedo et al, 2010;Pang et al, 2011) or culture methods (Rämä et al, 2014). Whether these were able to degrade cellulose remains to be shown, as none of our ITS sequences had perfect match to cultivated strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Temporal and spatial constraints on community assembly during microbial colonization of wood in seawater

et al. 2015

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Wood falls on the ocean floor form chemosynthetic ecosystems that remain poorly studied compared with features such as hydrothermal vents or whale falls. In particular, the microbes forming the base of this unique ecosystem are not well characterized and the ecology of communities is not known. Here we use wood as a model to study microorganisms that establish and maintain a chemosynthetic ecosystem. We conducted both aquaria and in situ deep-sea experiments to test how different environmental constraints structure the assembly of bacterial, archaeal and fungal communities. We also measured changes in wood lipid concentrations and monitored sulfide production as a way to detect potential microbial activity. We show that wood falls are dynamic ecosystems with high spatial and temporal community turnover, and that the patterns of microbial colonization change depending on the scale of observation. The most illustrative example was the difference observed between pine and oak wood community dynamics. In pine, communities changed spatially, with strong differences in community composition between wood microhabitats, whereas in oak, communities changed more significantly with time of incubation. Changes in community assembly were reflected by changes in phylogenetic diversity that could be interpreted as shifts between assemblies ruled by species sorting to assemblies structured by competitive exclusion. These ecological interactions followed the dynamics of the potential microbial metabolisms accompanying wood degradation in the sea. Our work showed that wood is a good model for creating and manipulating chemosynthetic ecosystems in the laboratory, and attracting not only typical chemosynthetic microbes but also emblematic macrofaunal species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Temporal and spatial constraints on community assembly during microbial colonization of wood in seawater

et al. 2015

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“…The baiting method, often used by mycologists for ecological studies, also yields pure cultures of marine fungi, representative of particular and/or selected environments (Vrijmoed et al, 1982(Vrijmoed et al, , 1986Alias & Jones, 2000;Azevedo et al, 2010). Pinus spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pinus spp. and Fagus sylvatica are woods often used to inventory marine fungi in submerged conditions (Byrne & Jones, 1974;Grasso et al, 1990;Vrijmoed et al, 1982Vrijmoed et al, , 1986Azevedo et al, 2010), because lignocellulosic substrata are colonized throughout submersion by a great variety of lignicolous species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiversity and characterization of marine mycota from Portuguese waters

Azevedo¹,

Caeiro²,

Rebelo³

et al. 2011

Anim. Biodiv. Conserv.

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The occurrence, diversity and similarity of marine fungi detected by the sum of direct and indirect observations in Fagus sylvatica and Pinus pinaster baits submerged at two Portuguese marinas are analyzed and discussed. In comparison with the data already published in 2010, the higher number of specimens considered in this study led to the higher number of very frequent taxa for these environments and substrata; the significant difference in substrata and also in fungal diversity detected at the two environments is also highlighted, in addition to the decrease in fungal similarity. Because the identification of Lulworthia spp., Fusarium sp., Graphium sp., Phoma sp. and Stachybotrys sp. down to species level was not possible, based only on the morphological characterization, a molecular approach based on the amplification of the LSU rDNA region was performed with isolates of these fungi. This was achieved for three isolates, identified as Fusarium solani, Graphium eumorphum and Stachybotrys chartarum. To achieve this with the other isolates which are more complex taxa, the sequencing of more regions will be considered.

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“…The studies carried out with substrates subjected to conditions of permanent submersion highlighted the dominance of Ascomycota with unitunicate asci [2,5]. The unitunicate asci are thin -walled, persistent or early deliquescing, favoring ascospores release on marine environmental conditions (fig 1a, 1b and 1c).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The studied environments included salt marshes, sandy beaches and marinas. On these environments different substrates were collected such as plants and baits of Spartina maritima [1,2,3], different categories of drift substrates [3,4] and Fagus sylvatica and Pinus pinaster baits [5]. These substrates, which had been exposed to different conditions of permanent and temporary submersion, were subjected to an initial examination under the stereoscope microscope in order to detect fruit bodies and spores of marine fungi.…”

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confidence: 99%

Portuguese marine fungi and the contribution of differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy for their morphological identification

2013

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Marine fungi occur either in Open Ocean or in the intertidal zone of sandy beaches, salt marshes and mangroves, where their hosts and substrates are found. The development of morphological adaptations like appendages and sheaths of the spores are vital to the settlement and attachment to substrate surfaces, floatation and dispersion on seawater. The morphological features of these appendages and sheaths of spores also have an important role in the identification of marine fungi. Differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy is an essential tool for the observation of these mucilaginous structures in marine fungi spores and was therefore applied to marine mycota from surveys along the Portuguese coast.Since 1991 Portuguese marine fungi have been studied and characterized based on morphological identifications. The studied environments included salt marshes, sandy beaches and marinas. On these environments different substrates were collected such as plants and baits of Spartina maritima, different categories of drift substrates and Fagus sylvatica and Pinus pinaster baits. These substrates, which had been exposed to different conditions of permanent and temporary submersion, were subjected to an initial examination under the stereoscope microscope in order to detect fruit bodies and spores of marine fungi. These structures were then observed in order to achieve the taxonomic identifications of these fungi, based on dichotomous keys for marine fungi.To observe and characterize the wide variety of appendages and mucilaginous sheaths of the ascospores, basidiospores and conidia often invisible in the bright field of the light microscope, the use of DIC microscopy was implemented, because three-dimensional images are produced, highlighting them. The identified fungi were microphotographed with a Leica Wild MPS 52 with Fujichrome RTP- 135, 64T Tungsten.The studies carried out with substrates subjected to conditions of permanent submersion highlighted the dominance of Ascomycota with unitunicate asci. The unitunicate asci are thin - walled, persistent or early deliquescing, favoring ascospores release on marine environmental conditions (fig 1a, 1b and 1c). On the other hand, Ascomycota with bitunicate asci, were mainly detected on temporary submersion conditions. These fungi presented asci with active spore discharge and mucilaginous sheaths that contributed to substrate attachment (fig. 2a and 2b). Ascospores and conidia presented morphological diversity on their appendages, which has particular importance on their success in marine environment (figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6).Marine Mycologists are in agreement that the best technique to observe the appendages and sheaths of spores, often invisible in the bright-field microscope is the use of differential interference or phase contrast microscopy. DIC microscopy was then applied to the observation of Portuguese marine fungi enabling to thoroughly characterize the structures essential to their morphological identifications.

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Diversity and richness of marine fungi on two Portuguese marinas

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Temporal and spatial constraints on community assembly during microbial colonization of wood in seawater

Temporal and spatial constraints on community assembly during microbial colonization of wood in seawater

Biodiversity and characterization of marine mycota from Portuguese waters

Portuguese marine fungi and the contribution of differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy for their morphological identification

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