Diversity and relationships of multipurpose seabuckthorn (Hippophae L.) germplasm from the Indian Himalayas as assessed by AFLP and SAMPL markers

Abstract

IMPF: 01.55Seabuckthorn, a non-leguminous nodule bearing dioecious shrub, is a storehouse of neutraceutical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic usage. The 348 genotypes of Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. turkestanica, H. salicifolia and H. tibetana were collected from 194 locations at 46 major sites across 1,500km from north-east to north-west Himalayas, harboring one of the most harsh, highly variable climatic and ecological conditions and rugged rocky terrain in the range of 3,000?5,000 metres altitude. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and selective amplification of microsatellite polymorphic loci (SAMPL) DNA markers were utilized to assess the genetic diversity of total spectrum of Himalayan germplasm resources and interrelationships among Hippophae taxa. A total of 151, 50, and 41 AFLP loci were detected in Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. turkestanica, H. salicifolia and H. tibetana respectively; of these, 92.6, 30.6 and 25.1% were polymorphic. For SAMPL, the number of markers and polymorphism for these species were respectively, 77 (77.7%), 41 (41.4%), and 23 (23.2%). Nei?s genetic diversity and Shannon?s information index values revealed that populations of H. rhamnoides ssp. turkestanica in Sumur and Raling in Ladakh and Lahaul-Spiti, respectively, were the most diverse. In H. salicifolia and H. tibetana, the populations in Changu, and Takcha and Guling in Spiti valley, were the most diverse. In H. rhamnoides ssp. turkestanica, high levels of interpopulation genetic diversity with little intra-population diversity was accompanied by very low gene flow (Nm) range, estimated by AFLP (0.571?0.943) and SAMPL (0.321?0.726) markers. In H. rhamnoides ssp. turkestanica, the genotypes collected from Uttaranchal were found to be the least diverse. The exclusive characteristics of the nuclear genome in the Uttaranchal genotypes warrant new species rank closer to H. salicifolia rather than to H. rhamnoides ssp. turkestanica. The present results also provide explicit evidence to suggest that both H. salicifolia and H. tibetan deserve species rank.Peer reviewe

Selective Amplification of Start codon Polymorphic Loci (SASPL): a new PCR-based molecular marker in olive

“…On the other hand, Azizi et al(2009) visualized 558 scorable bands by using 7 SAMPL primer combinations, where the percentage of polymorphism across the oregano accessions ranged from 85% to 97% with an average of 92%. While, Raina et al(2012) and Biswas et al (2011) reported that the average number of bands per primer combination was 33 and 22.43, respectively.…”

“…Therefore, it is more applicable when low level of diversity is expected (Sarwat et al, 2008). SAMPL helped unravel genetic diversity in wheat (Roy et al, 2004), grapevine (Cretazzo et al, 2010), citrus (Biswas et al, 2011), walnut (Kafkas et al, 2005), seabuckthorn (Raina et al, 2012). Given that, it was used to generate SCAR markers in olives (Busconi et al, 2006).…”

Sea-buckthorn: a species with a variety of uses, especially in land reclamation

“…H. rhamnoides has also an extremely wide distribution throughout the Indian Himalayas (Zeb 2004), where it grows naturally between 3000-5000 m a.s.l. (Raina et al 2012).…”

Germination and short-term storage of Hippophae rhamnoides L. seeds and its ex-situ reintroduction potential assessment under North East Indian conditions

“…There are four Hippophae species namely, H. rhamnoides, H. salicifolia, H. tibetana, and H. gyantsensis that represent the genus in India (Naithani 2004). Ladakh hosts H. rhamnoides and H. salicifolia (Ali and Kaul 2011) whereas H. salicifolia has been reported in Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh of North East India (Naithani 2004;Raina et al 2012). Plant of Hippophae species are dioecious with separate male and female characteristics.…”