Diversity and functions of microscopic fungi: a missing component in pelagic food webs

Jobard, Marlène; Rasconi, Séréna; Sime-Ngando, Télesphore

doi:10.1007/s00027-010-0133-z

Cited by 87 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 131 publications

(138 reference statements)

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“…After the initial agarose coating and EDTA treatment, we followed the CARD-FISH protocol using AlexaFluor 488 detailed in Morgan-Smith et al (2013). Additional permeabilization as previously applied for fungi and the regular FISH protocol is not necessary when using CARD-FISH (Jobard et al, 2010;Morgan-Smith et al, 2013). We achieved 100% success rate of CARD-FISH in detecting fungal cells without permeabilization in tests using bread yeast and a chytrid culture.…”

Section: Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eukaryotic microbes, principally fungi and labyrinthulomycetes, dominate biomass on bathypelagic marine snow

2016

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In the bathypelagic realm of the ocean, the role of marine snow as a carbon and energy source for the deep-sea biota and as a potential hotspot of microbial diversity and activity has not received adequate attention. Here, we collected bathypelagic marine snow by gentle gravity filtration of sea water onto 30 μm filters from~1000 to 3900 m to investigate the relative distribution of eukaryotic microbes. Compared with sediment traps that select for fast-sinking particles, this method collects particles unbiased by settling velocity. While prokaryotes numerically exceeded eukaryotes on marine snow, eukaryotic microbes belonging to two very distant branches of the eukaryote tree, the fungi and the labyrinthulomycetes, dominated overall biomass. Being tolerant to cold temperature and high hydrostatic pressure, these saprotrophic organisms have the potential to significantly contribute to the degradation of organic matter in the deep sea. Our results demonstrate that the community composition on bathypelagic marine snow differs greatly from that in the ambient water leading to wide ecological niche separation between the two environments.

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Section: Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eukaryotic microbes, principally fungi and labyrinthulomycetes, dominate biomass on bathypelagic marine snow

2016

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“…Aquatic fungi play an important role in the cycling of carbon and nutrients in ecosystems (Gleason et al 2008;Wurzbacher et al 2010;Jobard et al 2010;Grossart and Rojas-Jimenez 2016). Fungi may be involved in many stages of nutrient cycling, but can also be quite specific in their ecological functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The degradation of recalcitrant plant, algal and animal residues may be carried out by a number of poorly known groups within the phyla Chytridiomycota and Rozellomycota (Corsaro et al 2014, syn. Cryptomycota;Jones et al 2011), and by ecological groups of aquatic hyphomycetes and yeasts (reviewed by Wurzbacher et al 2010;Jobard et al 2010). Parasitism by Chytridiomycota species facilitates the trophic transfer of nutrients from otherwise inedible phytoplankton to filter-feeding zooplankton (termed the "mycoloop"; Kagami et al 2007Kagami et al , 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High habitat-specificity in fungal communities in oligo-mesotrophic, temperate Lake Stechlin (North-East Germany)

Wurzbacher¹,

Warthmann²,

Bourne³

et al. 2016

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Freshwater fungi are a poorly studied ecological group that includes a high taxonomic diversity. Most studies on aquatic fungal diversity have focused on single habitats, thus the linkage between habitat heterogeneity and fungal diversity remains largely unexplored. We took 216 samples from 54 locations representing eight different habitats in the meso-oligotrophic, temperate Lake Stechlin in North-East Germany. These included the pelagic and littoral water column, sediments, and biotic substrates. We performed high throughput sequencing using the Roche 454 platform, employing a universal eukaryotic marker region within the large ribosomal subunit (LSU) to compare fungal diversity, community structure, and species turnover among habitats. Our analysis recovered 1027 fungal OTUs (97% sequence similarity). Richness estimates were highest in the sediment, biofilms, and benthic samples (189-231 OTUs), intermediate in water samples (42-85 OTUs), and lowest in plankton samples (8 OTUs). NMDS grouped the eight studied habitats into six clusters, indicating that community composition was strongly influenced RESEARCH ARTICLEChristian Wurzbacher et al. / MycoKeys 16: 17-44 (2016) 18 by turnover among habitats. Fungal communities exhibited changes at the phylum and order levels along three different substrate categories from littoral to pelagic habitats. The large majority of OTUs (> 75%) could not be classified below the order level due to the lack of aquatic fungal entries in public sequence databases. Our study provides a first estimate of lake-wide fungal diversity and highlights the important contribution of habitat heterogeneity to overall diversity and community composition. Habitat diversity should be considered in any sampling strategy aiming to assess the fungal diversity of a water body.

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“…Marine fungi act as decomposers of complex organic matter in the water column and sediment, colonists of drifting wood, and symbionts or parasites of phytoplankton, plants and animals, and thus play a vital role in the functioning of coastal ecosystems (Hyde, 2002;Raghukumar, 2008;Wang and Johnson, 2009;Jobard et al, 2010;Gleason et al, 2011;Jones and Pang, 2012). While our knowledge of the diversity of culturable marine fungi has been furthered by morphology-based surveys (e.g., Raveendran and Manimohan, 2007;Jones et al, 2009;Pang et al, 2010;Velez et al, 2013), the recent application of culture-independent techniques has advanced our understanding of the diversity and ecology of fungi in a range of coastal habitats (Pang and Mitchell, 2005;Richards et al, 2012;Manohar and Raghukumar, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine fungal communities in water and surface sediment of a sea cucumber farming system: habitat-differentiated distribution and nutrients driving succession

Guo

Zhang

et al. 2015

Fungal Ecology

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Microbial diversity Nutrient 18S rDNA Zoosporic fungi a b s t r a c tThe planktonic and benthic fungi in a sea cucumber farming system were simultaneously investigated on three sampling dates. Analyses of SSU rRNA gene libraries of four samples revealed 131 fungal operational taxonomic units, of which 58 % were potentially novel.Chytridiomycota, Blastocladiomycota and Monoblepharidomycota were detected only from sediment, whereas ascomycetes and basidiomycetes dominated in sediment and water, respectively. Cryptomycota phylotypes were detected in both water and sediment samples. Based on terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphisms, distinct succession and contrasting community structure were found between planktonic and benthic habitats. Redundancy analysis indicated that the concentration of dissolved silicate in surface water and N:P in porewater were the most significant abiotic variables shaping the planktonic and benthic communities, respectively. This study indicates that plankton and benthos are distinct habitats for fungal distribution even in shallow coastal systems, and nutrients and stoichiometric ratios play important roles in driving succession of fungal communities. ª

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Diversity and functions of microscopic fungi: a missing component in pelagic food webs

Abstract: Fungi are a highly complex group of organisms of the kingdom Eumycota (i.e. the true-fungi) and other fungus-like organisms traditionally studied by mycologists, such as slime molds (Myxomycota) and oomycota (

Cited by 87 publications

References 131 publications

Eukaryotic microbes, principally fungi and labyrinthulomycetes, dominate biomass on bathypelagic marine snow

Eukaryotic microbes, principally fungi and labyrinthulomycetes, dominate biomass on bathypelagic marine snow

High habitat-specificity in fungal communities in oligo-mesotrophic, temperate Lake Stechlin (North-East Germany)

Marine fungal communities in water and surface sediment of a sea cucumber farming system: habitat-differentiated distribution and nutrients driving succession

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