Diversity and fossil record of larvae of three groups of lacewings with unusual ecology and functional morphology: Ithonidae, Coniopterygidae and Sisyridae

Haug, Joachim T.; Wal, Serita van der; Gröhn, Carsten; Hoffeins, Christel; Hoffeins, Hans-Werner; Haug, Carolin

doi:10.26879/1212

Cited by 10 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…As already pointed out for the first two beak larvae (Haug et al, 2022b), the differences in morphology between them may well be caused by ontogenetic changes. In this aspect, the new larva provides a new piece to the puzzle.…”

Section: Ontogenymentioning

confidence: 63%

“…As lain out, the ontogeny does not provide a clear signal against or for an interpretation of the beak larvae as lacewings, but we can also consider other aspects. The trunk of specimen 1 was very unusual (Haug et al, HAUG & HAUG 280 • Palaeoentomology 005 (3) © 2022 Magnolia Press 2020e), that of specimen 2 was rather incompletely known (Haug et al, 2022b). Specimen 3 offers some additional insights here.…”

Section: Are Beak Larvae Lacewings?mentioning

confidence: 85%

“…A second larva with an anteriorly projecting beak was recently reported from the same deposit (Haug et al, 2022b). This second larva is less complete and differs in certain aspects from the first one, including details of the head appendages, the sclerites, and an apparent lack of abdomen protrusions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The two beak larvae were compared with certain lineages of Neuroptera concerning head and mouthpart shape (Haug et al, 2022b). As the authors pointed out, the two beak larvae showed a high similarity to certain larvae of Coniopterygidae, the group of dustywings, when using quantitative morphology of the head as a comparative frame.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Another strange holometabolan larva from Kachin amber—the enigma of the beak larva (Neuropteriformia)

Haug

2022

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Holometabolan larvae are dominating components of modern terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems and have a significant ecological impact. Also in past ecosystems, various types of such larvae have been present, which is especially well known from ambers from all over the world. During the Cretaceous, holometabolan larvae with a very modern appearance co-occur with those of morphologies totally unknown in the ecosystems of today. One of these morphologies only known from ca. 100-million-year-old Kachin amber from Myanmar is represented by the so-called “beak larvae”, which possess an anteriorly projecting beak-like mouth cone, previously being described from two specimens. We describe here a third specimen as a new species, ?Partisaniferus edjarzembowskii sp. nov. This new species differs from the previously described beak larva species Partisaniferus atrickmuelleri in the shape of the trunk end as well as in lacking a differentiation of the tergites into distinct sclerites and in the absence of abdomen protrusions. We discuss possible aspects of the ontogeny of the beak larvae, including the possibility that the here described specimen and one of the previously known ones are different larval stages of ?P. edjarzembowskii sp. nov. Furthermore, we discuss possible relationships of beak larvae within Neuropteriformia.

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Section: Ontogenymentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Are Beak Larvae Lacewings?mentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Another strange holometabolan larva from Kachin amber—the enigma of the beak larva (Neuropteriformia)

Haug

2022

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“…Quantitative morphology offers a framework for overcoming both problems, facilitating a comparison of larval forms throughout the fossil history of a group. Such a comparative frame has been used for various lineages of lacewings [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Expanded View on the Morphological Diversity of Long-Nosed Antlion Larvae Further Supports a Decline of Silky Lacewings in the Past 100 Million Years

Hassenbach

Buchner

Haug

et al. 2023

Insects

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Lacewings have been suggested to be a relict group. This means that the group of lacewings, Neuroptera, should have been more diverse in the past, which also applies to many ingroups of Neuroptera. Psychopsidae, the group of silky lacewings, is one of the ingroups of Neuroptera which is relatively species-poor in the modern fauna. Larvae of the group Psychopsidae, long-nosed antlions, can be easily identified as such in being larvae of antlion-like lacewings without teeth in their stylets (=compound structure of mandible and maxilla), with empodia (=attachment structures on legs) and with a prominent forward-protruding labrum. Therefore, such larvae can also be recognised in the fossil record. An earlier study demonstrated a decline in the morphological diversity of long-nosed antlion larvae over the past 100 million years. Here, we report several dozen new long-nosed antlion larvae and expand the earlier quantitative study. Our results further corroborate the decline of silky lacewings. Yet, a lack of an indication of saturation indicates that we have still not approached the original diversity of long-nosed antlions in the Cretaceous.

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New indications for the life habits of long-legged aphidlion-like larvae in about 100-million-year-old amber

Kiesmüller,

Haug,

Haug

et al. 2024

PalZ

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Larvae of lacewings (Neuroptera) are known to be fierce predators today. Most characteristic are their prominent piercing-sucking stylets, which are used for venom injection and sucking out the fluids of the prey. Among lacewing larvae, aphidlions (larvae of the groups Chrysopidae and Hemerobiidae, green and brown lacewings) are today highly specialised to feed on aphids and evolved strategies to not be detected and attacked by, e.g., aphid-protecting ants. Fossil relatives of modern aphidlions seem to have also employed other strategies. For the species Pedanoptera arachnophila from about 100-million-year-old Kachin amber, Myanmar, an interaction of its larvae with spiders has been assumed. We present here new specimens resembling these larvae, including one piece of Cretaceous Kachin amber with a syn-inclusion of an aphidlion-like larva and an immature planthopper, indicating planthoppers as potential prey of the group about 100 million years ago. The morphology of the lacewing larva, with a trapezoid head capsule (in dorsal view), simple, toothless stylets, very elongate legs, and a spindle-shaped trunk, indicates that it is conspecific or at least closely related to P. arachnophila. We reconstruct the possible ontogenetic sequence of Pedanoptera arachnophila and discuss its ecology.

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Diversity and fossil record of larvae of three groups of lacewings with unusual ecology and functional morphology: Ithonidae, Coniopterygidae and Sisyridae

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Another strange holometabolan larva from Kachin amber—the enigma of the beak larva (Neuropteriformia)

Another strange holometabolan larva from Kachin amber—the enigma of the beak larva (Neuropteriformia)

An Expanded View on the Morphological Diversity of Long-Nosed Antlion Larvae Further Supports a Decline of Silky Lacewings in the Past 100 Million Years

New indications for the life habits of long-legged aphidlion-like larvae in about 100-million-year-old amber

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