Diversity and Distribution of the Inland Water Decapods of Sicily (Crustacea, Malacostraca)

Abstract

The current knowledge of Sicilian inland water decapod malacostracans is scarce and an updated synopsis on species distribution is lacking. Therefore, we reviewed the checklist and recent distribution of Sicilian inland water decapods based on published and unpublished records and novel observations with the aim of providing an exhaustive repository, also to be used as a sound baseline for future surveys. Overall, five native decapod species occur in the study area, i.e., the atyid shrimp Atyaephyra desmarestii, the palaemonid shrimps Palaemon adspersus, P. antennarius, and P. elegans, and the freshwater crab Potamon fluviatile, and their current local distributions are described. In addition, three alien species were recorded: the common yabby Cherax destructor and the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii, strictly linked to inland waters, and the Atlantic blue crab Callinectes sapidus, a mainly marine species that can also colonise the lower stretches of rivers and coastal brackish waters. The collected data suggest the existence of a partial segregation of native versus non-native species, with the latter currently confined to coastal water bodies and the lower stretches of rivers. Moreover, the exclusively freshwater caridean A. desmarestii and P. antennarius show a parapatric distribution in the study area, which may suggest the existence of mutual exclusion phenomena. The results obtained raise some concerns about the effects of alien species on the native biota, and dedicated monitoring and management strategies should be implemented in order to better understand and mitigate their impact.

Contamination Profiles of Selected Pollutants in Procambarus clarkii Non-Edible Portions Highlight Their Potential Exploitation Applications

“…Along with the parastacid Cherax destructor (Clark, 1936) and the portunid Callinectes sapidus (Rathbun, 1896), P. clarkii is among the few non-native decapod crustaceans occurring in Sicilian inland waters [ 41 , 42 , 43 ]. After its initial introduction in the early XXI century, the Louisiana red swamp crayfish was observed in several different hydrographical basins, thus suggesting multiple, independent release events of the species in the wild [ 44 ].…”

“…After its initial introduction in the early XXI century, the Louisiana red swamp crayfish was observed in several different hydrographical basins, thus suggesting multiple, independent release events of the species in the wild [ 44 ]. Nowadays, P. clarkii is widespread in the permanent water bodies of the island [ 41 ], whereas it has never been observed in temporary swamps, ponds, or streams [ 45 ].…”

“…Based on previous distribution investigations [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ], individuals of P. clarkii were sampled at three Sicilian sites: Gorgo Basso (GB) (Mazara del Vallo, Trapani) (coordinates: 37.609876° N, 12.654905° E), the San Leonardo River (SLR) (Caccamo, Palermo) (coordinates: 37.905663° N, 13.609423° E), and the Cuccumella Reservoir (CR) (Lentini, Siracusa) (coordinates: 37.358650° N, 14.927290° E) ( Figure 1 ).…”

The Inland Water Copepod Fauna of a Traditional Rural Landscape in a Mediterranean Island (Crustacea, Copepoda)

“…To date, some information is available for the ostracod [28,29], branchiopod [30], and malacostracan ( [31,32] and references therein) faunas of the study area. Conversely, apart from the occasional records of two copepod species by Calvo et al [15] and Marrone et al [33], no information is currently available for Copepoda.…”

Current Status of and Threats to Sicilian Turtles

“…Unfortunately, E. trinacris populations are facing several threats, i.e., habitat loss and fragmentation [10,[60][61][62][63], invasive alien species [17,21,[64][65][66][67][68], and parasite spillover [69][70][71][72]. Conversely, recreational fishing seems to have a limited impact on the Sicilian pond turtle [73].…”