Diversity and convergence of sodium channel mutations involved in resistance to pyrethroids

Abstract

Pyrethroid insecticides target voltage-gated sodium channels, which are critical for electrical signaling in the nervous system. The intensive use of pyrethroids in controlling arthropod pests and disease vectors has led to many instances of pyrethroid resistance around the globe. In the past two decades, studies have identified a large number of sodium channel mutations that are associated with resistance to pyrethroids. The purpose of this review is to summarize both common and unique sodium channel mutations that have been identified in arthropod pests of importance to agriculture or human health. Identification of these mutations provides valuable molecular markers for resistance monitoring in the field and helped the discovery of the elusive pyrethroid receptor site(s) on the sodium channel.

Identifying genomic changes associated with insecticide resistance in the dengue mosquito Aedes aegypti by deep targeted sequencing

“…Indeed, recombination events are probably countering such association, especially as the VGSC gene and amplified detoxification genes are located on distant genomic regions. In addition, fitness costs associated with both kdr mutations and gene amplifications have been identified (Kondrashov 2012;Brito et al 2013;Katju and Bergthorsson 2013;Rinkevich et al 2013 …”

Multiple origins of pyrethroid insecticide resistance across the species complex of a nontarget aquatic crustacean, Hyalella azteca

“…3). To investigate possible mutations responsible for pyrethroid resistance, we sequenced four segments of the vgsc where mutations conferring pyrethroid resistance are known to occur in multiple species (8), including domain IS6, a segment of the linker region between domain I Fig. 2.…”

“…However, we find wild populations of H. azteca in some pyrethroid-contaminated water bodies from which water or sediment samples cause acute mortality to laboratory-cultured populations. One possibility is that wild populations have evolved resistance, as has been reported in target pests (7,8).…”

Abbreviations and acronyms

“…The kdr is conferred principally by non-synonymous mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene that reduce insecticide binding to this channel in the insect nerve sheath, thereby preventing the loss of co-ordinated activity and paralysis in the insect (Soderlund and Knipple, 2003;Davies et al, 2007;Rinkevich, Du and Dong, 2013).…”

“…S989P; I1,011M; I1,011V; V1,016I; V1,016G; F1,534C; and D1,794Y) have been described in Ae. aegypti (Vontas et al, 2012;Rinkevich, Du and Dong, 2013). Multiple kdr mutations had been reported from Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central America .…”