Diversity and Complexity of Religion and Spirituality in Iran: Relationships With Self-Compassion and Self-Forgiveness

Ghorbani, Nima; Watson, P. J.; Kashanaki, Hamed; Chen, Zhuo Job

doi:10.1080/10508619.2017.1340100

Cited by 21 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The most straightforward evidence for such a conclusion appears in positive MER correlations with a wide range of instruments that record Muslim religious commitments (Ghorbani, Watson, Geranmayepour and Chen 2013, 2014a, 2014b. Those who self-identify as being both religious and spiritual also display the highest MER scores (Ghorbani, Watson, Asadi, and Chen 2018;Ghorbani, Watson, Kashanaki, and Chen 2017;Ghorbani, Watson, Rabiee, and Chen 2018). Moreover, Islamic seminarians score higher on MER than do university students (Ghorbani, Watson, Aghababaei, and Chen 2014;Ghorbani Watson, Kashanaki, and Chen 2017;Ghorbani, Watson, Madani, and Chen 2016) and members of the more general Iranian population (Ghorbani, Watson, Gharibi, and Chen 2018).…”

Section: 4mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Those who self-identify as being both religious and spiritual also display the highest MER scores (Ghorbani, Watson, Asadi, and Chen 2018;Ghorbani, Watson, Kashanaki, and Chen 2017;Ghorbani, Watson, Rabiee, and Chen 2018). Moreover, Islamic seminarians score higher on MER than do university students (Ghorbani, Watson, Aghababaei, and Chen 2014;Ghorbani Watson, Kashanaki, and Chen 2017;Ghorbani, Watson, Madani, and Chen 2016) and members of the more general Iranian population (Ghorbani, Watson, Gharibi, and Chen 2018). MER, therefore, points towards a stronger bonding with God that 'initiates' movement toward a religious career.…”

Section: 4mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such outcomes appear in moderation analyses (Baron and Kenney 1986) in which MER interacts with other religious constructs to magnify their adjustment implications. In Iran, for instance, Muslim attitudes have more strongly predicted religious and psychological adjustment when MER was higher; and when MER was lower, religious measures at least sometimes failed to predict adjustment or instead predicted maladjustment (Ghorbani, Watson, Geranmayepour, and Chen 2014b;Ghorbani et al 2017;Ghorbani, Watson, Madani, and Chen 2016). The suggestion, in other words, was that the religious spirituality of MER fueled or invigorated the psychological influences of Muslim commitments.…”

Section: 4mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Psychology and Religion within an Ideological Surround

Watson

2019

BRP Relig. Psychol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

For over three decades, an Ideological Surround Model (ISM) has pursued theoretical and methodological innovations designed to enhance the ‘truth’ and ‘objectivity’ of research into psychology and religion. The foundational argument of the ISM is that psychology as well as religion unavoidably operates within the limits of an ideological surround. Methodological theism, therefore, needs to supplement the methodological atheism that dominates the contemporary social sciences. Methodological theism should operationalize the meaningfulness of religious traditions and demonstrate empirically that the influences of ideology cannot be ignored. The ISM more generally suggests that contemporary social scientific rationalities need to be supplemented my more complex dialogical rationalities. Beliefs in secularization should also be supplemented by beliefs in trans-rationality.

show abstract

Section: 4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 4mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Psychology and Religion within an Ideological Surround

Watson

2019

BRP Relig. Psychol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A recent study also established the validity of MER by relating it to a four-fold religious-spiritual typology often examined within the Western psychology of religion (e.g., Zinnbauer et al, 1997). In Iranian university and Islamic seminary students, highest MER scores appeared for individuals who identified themselves as being "both religious and spiritual" (Ghorbani, Watson, Kashanaki, & Chen, 2017). Lower MER scores appeared for the self-identified "religious but not spiritual" type, which in comparison to the both-type confirmed the relative "spirituality" of MER.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model of Muslim Religious Spirituality: Impact of Muslim Experiential Religiousness on Religious Orientations and Psychological Adjustment among Iranian Muslims

Ghorbani

Watson

Gharibi

et al. 2018

Archive for the Psychology of Religion

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Previous research indicates that spirituality expressed in tradition-specific terms may initiate, invigorate, and integrate Muslim religious commitments, suggesting a 3-I Model of Religious Spirituality. In a test of this model, Islamic seminarians, university students, and office workers in Iran (N = 604) responded to Muslim Experiential Religiousness (MER), Religious Orientation, and mental health scales. The traditionspecific spirituality of MER displayed correlation, moderation, and mediation results with Intrinsic and Extrinsic Personal Religious Orientations that pointed toward initiation, invigoration, and integration effects, respectively. MER also clarified the ambiguous implications of the Extrinsic Social Religious Orientation. These data most generally confirmed the heuristic potential of the 3-I Model. Ghorbani et al.

show abstract

“…She suggested that individuals who have a more secure attachment to God might be able to extend themselves kindness and approach difficulties more mindfully. Ghorbani, Watson, Kashanaki, and Chen (2017) found in their sample that Islamic seminarians more frequently identified as religious and spiritual and that those in the study who identified as both spiritual and religious were highest in self-compassion. Given that religion was not included on this study's demographic questionnaire, it is not possible to examine how this may have impacted the results.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Adherence to Masculine Norms and Perceived Paternal Nurturance as Predictors of SelfCompassion

Craig¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Previous researchers have examined the relationship between adherence to masculine norms and self-compassion as well as the impact of parental warmth on self-compassion. However, no study to date has specifically examined how perceptions of paternal nurturance and adherence to masculine norms impact levels of self-compassion in college-aged males. Furthermore, findings regarding the relationship between adherence to traditional gender roles and self-compassion have not been well established. The purpose of the current quantitative study was to ascertain whether greater adherence to traditional United States' masculine norms and levels of perceived paternal nurturance contribute to levels of self-compassion in college-aged males at West Virginia University. Data were collected via self-report measures in order to better understand whether the first two variables predicted levels of self-compassion. A hierarchical multiple regression was used to ascertain whether perceptions of paternal nurturance would explain a significant amount of variance in levels of self-compassion after controlling for adherence to masculine norms. Findings demonstrated that higher levels of adherence to masculine norms predicted lower levels of self-compassion and that higher levels of perceived paternal nurturance predicted lower levels of self-compassion. Overall, the hierarchical regression analysis showed that perceived paternal nurturance did explain a significant amount of variance in levels of selfcompassion while controlling for levels of adherence to masculine norms, though not in the direction initially hypothesized. The implications based upon the results and future directions for study are discussed.

show abstract

Diversity and Complexity of Religion and Spirituality in Iran: Relationships With Self-Compassion and Self-Forgiveness

Cited by 21 publications

References 28 publications

Psychology and Religion within an Ideological Surround

Psychology and Religion within an Ideological Surround

Model of Muslim Religious Spirituality: Impact of Muslim Experiential Religiousness on Religious Orientations and Psychological Adjustment among Iranian Muslims

Adherence to Masculine Norms and Perceived Paternal Nurturance as Predictors of SelfCompassion

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About