Soil organic matter (SOM) decreases after the conversion of native grasslands to croplands and increases after the conversion of croplands to plantations. However, the reasons for loss and/or accumulation of SOM fractions remain unclear. Hence, we investigated SOM fraction quantity and quality of soils from cropland (CL), a plantation (PL) converted from cropland, and native grassland (NG) all converted from the black soil (Mollisols) region of China. Results showed that: (1) across all sites, coarse