Diversity and Colonization of Endophytic Actinomycetes in some Medicinal Plants: Review

Abstract

The diversity of culturable endophytic actinomycetes related to plants and especially medicinal plants are isolated and characterized. The increased colonization and distribution of endophytic actinomycetes in plants have been reported in many studies. Endophytic actinomycetes belong to different genera are distributed in plants species such as Streptomyces, which is the dominant genus, Micromonospora, Microbispora, Nocardiopsis, Rhodococcus and Nocardia. Moreover, there are many novel strains had been described belong to these genera. Endophytic actinomycetes seem to contribute with plant development and displaying beneficial traits that can be exploited in plant maintenance, substances supplements, protection and defense. Colonization of endophytic actinomycetes in plant tissues are largely influenced by plant species and the environmental factors surrounding the host plants such as soil pH, water content, rainfall, soil salinity, and temperatures. Some endophytic actinomycetes may occur in low numbers and sometimes in localized positions within the plant. Thus, this review summarizes an aspect of the diversity and colonization of endophytic actinomycetes, including their mechanism of action, importance, and isolation and identification methods.

Some Direct and Indirect Mechanisms of Endophytic Bacteria That Associated with The Medicinal Plant Areva javanica from Shada Al-Asfal Mountain

“…The medicinal plants and their valuable secondary metabolites have extensive applications as raw materials in agriculture and industry due to their high economic value. Over the past two decades, numerous research has concentrated on the endophytic microbiota by examining their presence within the organs of medicinal plants [1]. These findings contribute to the comprehension of the colonization and diversity of endophytic bacteria in medicinal plants.…”

“…Converting endophytic bacteria into biofactories for the sustainable production of a variety of materials using renewable sources is the goal of agricultural and industrial biotechnologies such as producing enzymes, HCN, which are considered indirect mechanisms for plant growth, and other metabolic compounds, in agriculture field, nutrition and solve environmental issues, etc. In this regard, the wide metabolic potential of endophytes has resulted in a huge attention being attracted to these microorganisms in a biotechnological perspective [1]. These systems can serve as both direct and indirect means of enhancing plant development.…”