Diversity and Changes in the Energy Balance in EU Countries

Rokicki, Tomasz; Perkowska, Aleksandra

doi:10.3390/en14041098

Cited by 44 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…For many years, energy and climate policy has been the priority area of activity for the EU, and in recent years, it has become increasingly important [77,78]. Currently undertaken activities are closely related to the European Green Deal and are part of the implementation of the objectives of Agenda 2030 (goals: 7 on "Clean and Accessible Energy" and 13 on "Climate Action"), adopted in 2015 by the UN General Assembly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can be concluded that very significant progress in sustainable development in the studied years was achieved by the Czech Republic, Germany, Estonia, Ireland, Lithuania, Hungary, Luxembourg, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Romania, and Italy. These are countries, which have clearly reduced GHG emissions (both in total and from the energy sector), increased the share of RES in the energy mix [77], improved energy productivity, and reduced the level of energy poverty.…”

Section: Assessing Individual Eu27 Countries In Terms Of Theirmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the Level of Energy and Climate Sustainability in the European Union Countries in the Context of the European Green Deal Strategy and Agenda 2030

2021

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The concept of sustainable development integrates activities in the economic, environmental and social areas. Energy policy, which is very closely linked to climate protection, is of key importance for achieving the goals of the concept in question. All these elements are connected by the European Green Deal strategy and Agenda 2030. Their implementation requires the evaluation of previous actions undertaken within the framework of sustainable development and the diagnosis of the current state. Therefore, this article presents the results of such research in relation to the key industry connected with this process, which is the energy sector. The research methodology was based on the analysis of 14 indicators that characterize four basic areas (dimensions) related to energy and climate sustainability. These indicators concern energy and climate as well as social and economic issues. This approach makes it possible to comprehensively assess the actions taken so far in the implementation of sustainable economic development in the energy and climate area in the European Union (EU) countries. The entropy-complex-proportional-assessment (COPRAS) methodologies, which belong to the group of multiple criteria decision-making methods, were used for this study. The conducted research allowed for the assessment of the changes in the EU countries in terms of energy and climate sustainability between 2009–2018. In addition, the effects of the introduced changes in individual years and in relation to the studied areas (dimensions) were also evaluated. Based on the results, considering the adopted criteria, the EU countries were divided into groups similar to the level of energy and climate sustainability. The results constitute a valuable set of data, which allows for a wide and in-depth multicriteria analysis. This allows for a very objective and broad assessment of the effects of sustainable development policies in the EU countries and the current state in the context of the European Green Deal strategy and Agenda 2030.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessing Individual Eu27 Countries In Terms Of Theirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Level of Energy and Climate Sustainability in the European Union Countries in the Context of the European Green Deal Strategy and Agenda 2030

2021

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“…As a result, the profitability of the investment significantly decreased [60][61][62][63][64]. In turn, attracting investments in renewable energy is influenced by e.g., tax incentives and properly designed feed-in tariffs [65][66][67][68][69][70]. About 80% of countries with high and higher than medium level of development offer support for renewable energy investments [71,72].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investments in Renewable Energy Sources in Basic Units of Local Government in Rural Areas

et al. 2021

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The main purpose of the study was to identify the level and factors influencing investments in renewable energy sources (RES) in basic local government units in rural areas. The specific objectives were to define the conditions for the development of renewable energy sources in Poland, to determine the directions of changes as well as the importance of renewable energy in Poland, to present the relationship between the level of expenditure on renewable energy and budget components in rural and rural-urban communes. The Świętokrzyskie voivodeship (Voivodship—a unit of the highest administration level in Poland, since 1990 a unit of the primary territorial division of government administration, since 1999 also a unit of local government, there were 16 voivodships in Poland.), which is one of the centrally located voivodeships in Poland, was purposefully selected for the research. The research period covered the years 2016–2019. The sources of materials were the literature on the subject, as well as empirical materials obtained at the Voivodeship Statistical Office. The following methods were used for the analysis and presentation of materials: descriptive, tabular, graphical, Gini concentration coefficient, Lorenz concentration curve, Kendall’s tau correlation coefficient and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Poland is one of the countries with quite high dependence on hard and brown coal. Changes in the structure of energy sources are slow. Investments in renewable energy are necessary. The problem in this respect is the lack of a proper law. Despite this, investments in renewable energy are being made in rural areas. In the Świętokrzyskie voivodeship, only 28% of communes made such investments. It was found that only in urban rural communes the amount of investment expenditures in renewable energy sources was related to the level of budget expenditures and property expenditures of the commune. The amount of support from the European Union aid funds was positively correlated with the level of expenditure on investments in renewable energy. Therefore, it can be concluded that without the support from EU funds, it is not possible to invest in renewable energy in local government units.

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“…Conversely, the use of large volumes of energy reflects high levels of economic growth. There is a great number of research confirming such relationships [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Ozturk and Acaravci [26] presented the feedback between energy absorption and economic growth in Hungary.…”

Section: Introduction 1the Importance Of Transport In Energy Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and Changes in Energy Consumption by Transport in EU Countries

Rokicki¹,

Koszela²,

Ochnio³

et al. 2021

Energies

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The main purpose of this paper is to present the differences in the volume of energy consumption in transport in the EU (European Union) countries. The specific objectives aim to determine the directions of changes and the degree of concentration in the volume of energy utilized by the transport sector in EU states, showing various models in this area, to establish the association between energy absorption and the parameters of the economy and in the field of transport. All EU countries were selected for research by the use of the purposeful selection method as of 31 December 2018. The analyzed period covered the years 2004–2018. For the examination of data, grading data analysis was used as one of the methods of multivariate data analysis. Descriptive, tabular and graphic methods were used to present the results. Findings reveal that there is a general tendency to reduce total energy consumption in the EU countries. The same is the case of energy in transport. Only in 2016–2018 was there an increase in energy absorption in transport. The reason was the better economic situation in this period. Road conveyance is the most important factor in energy utilization (over 90%). The share of other modes of transport was very small. Economically developing countries were the fastest in increasing energy absorption in transport per capita. In turn, highly developed states recorded slight growth and were stable in this aspect. There was a close relationship between energy utilization in transport per capita and GDP per capita. The reduction of energy consumption in transport depends on changes in road haulage, e.g., the pace of introducing innovative energy-saving technologies in automotive transport.

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Diversity and Changes in the Energy Balance in EU Countries

Cited by 44 publications

References 96 publications

Assessing the Level of Energy and Climate Sustainability in the European Union Countries in the Context of the European Green Deal Strategy and Agenda 2030

Assessing the Level of Energy and Climate Sustainability in the European Union Countries in the Context of the European Green Deal Strategy and Agenda 2030

Investments in Renewable Energy Sources in Basic Units of Local Government in Rural Areas

Diversity and Changes in Energy Consumption by Transport in EU Countries

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